ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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in both groups. Among the genotypes evaluated, desi genotypes had higher salinity tolerance than kabuli genotypes. A strong relationship was found between the seed yield under salinity and the seed yield under a non-saline control treatment, indicating that the seed yield under salinity was explained in part by a yield potential component and in part by salinity tolerance per se. Seed yields under salinity were therefore computed to separate the yield potential component from the residuals that accounted for salinity tolerance per se. The residuals were highly correlated to the ratio of seed yield under salinity to that of the control, indicating that both parameters can be used to assess salinity tolerance. A similar ratio was calculated for shoot dry weight at 50 days after sowing. However, no significant correlation was found between the shoot dry weight ratio and the yield ratio, indicating that differences in salinity tolerance among genotypes could not be inferred from measurements in the vegetative stage. The major trait related to salinity tolerance was the ability to maintain a large number of filled pods, whereas seed size was similar in tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Salinity tolerance was also not related to the Na + or K + concentrations in the shoot. A journal article has been submitted to the field crops Research. V Vadez, L Krishnamurthy and HD Upadhyaya Milestone C.5.2.3: Sorghum mini core and pearl millet reference set screened for salinity tolerance (VV/LK/HDU/CTH/KNR, 2008) First screening of a part of the mini-core collection of sorghum has been initiated (October 2006) and data will be available in 2007. The full collection should be screened in 2007-08. V Vadez, L Krishnamurthy, HD Upadhyaya, CT Hash and KN Rai Milestone C.5.2.4: Reference sets of chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut evaluated for salinity (VV/LK/HDU/RKV, 2010) Activity C.5.3: Evaluate groundnut and sorghum mini core and/or reference sets for transpiration efficiency (TE) and root traits Milestone C.5.3.1: Groundnut mini-core set screened for TE (VV/HDU/RKV/CLLG, 2008) We have screened 440 groundnut genotypes for TE, under progressive soil drying conditions, during the Feb- April 2006 period. These 440 genotypes included the mini core collection of groundnut (184 accessions), other germplasm lines, control cultivars, and elite breeding lines. The data show an impressive range of variation between the top and the bottom ranked groundnut genotypes for transpiration efficiency (TE, g kg -1 water transpired). In that experiment, TE varied between about 0.3 g kg -1 water transpired and 3.6 g kg -1 water transpired. About 90% of the genotypes (excluding the bottom 40 and top 10 in the ranking of TE) were in a range of TE between 0.5 and 2.5 g kg -1 water transpired, i.e. still a 5-fold range of variation. Ten genotypes had TE higher than 2.5 g kg -1 water transpired and one genotype reached 3.6 g kg -1 water transpired. A repeat of that experiment will be carried out in 2007. TE was also assessed under well-watered (WW) conditions in the mini core collection of groundnut, plus with controls (200 accessions). It has been reported in the literature that there is a good relation between TE measured under water stress and TE measured under well-watered conditions, from which it has been inferred that mesophyll efficiency differences were the major reason for differences in TE. However, this relation has been worked out with a very narrow range of genotypes and fully overlooks the potential role of stomatal regulation in the determination of TE differences. Relation between TE under water stress (WS) and under well-watered conditions with a larger set of genotype was also assessed. TE was overall higher under WW conditions (1.92 g kg -1 water transpired) than under WS (1.44 g kg -1 water transpired). We found significant relation between TE under water stress and TE under well-watered conditions. However, the correlation coefficient was 0.32 only, indicating that it would be advisable to consider TE under WS and WW conditions separately. Analysis needs to be done to test the significance of genotype x moisture interaction. V Vadez, L Krishnamurthy, HD Upadhyaya, RK Varshney, and, CL.L Gowda Milestone C.5.3.2: Sorghum mini-core (or reference) set screened for TE (VV/HDU/CTH/BVSR, 2009) Milestone C.5.3.3: Groundnut mini-core screened for root traits (VV/HDU/RKV/CLLG, 2010) The protocol to screen groundnut for root traits is being worked out with a small set of genotypes to optimize the cylinder system that will be used. Screening for root traits in groundnut will be based both on transpiration values (using a lysimetric system) and on root parameters (max depth, length density at different depth). V Vadez, HD Upadhyaya, RK Varshney and CLL Gowda 72
Milestone C.5.3.4: Sorghum mini-core (or reference set) screened for root traits (VV/HDU/CTH/BVSR, 2011) The protocol to assess root traits in sorghum is also being worked out. Cylinders currently used to assess root traits in sorghum are 16 cm in diameters and very likely 25 cm diameter cylinder will be used. As for groundnut (Milestone C.5.3.3), the assessment would be a combination of lysimetric measurements and root characteristics. V Vadez, HD Upadhyaya, CT Hash and BVS Reddy Milestone C.5.3.5: C ¹³ in chickpea analyzed at JIRCAS (JK/HDU/LK/PMG/IIPR-Kanpur/JIRCAS-Japan, Annual) Analysis of δ 13 C was performed in Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan with use of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), ThermoFinnigan Delta XP plus , Hamburg, Germany, connected with an element analyzer, Carlo Erba EA Flash 1112, Milan, Italy. Total carbon in leaf samples were incinerated in a furnace of EA and separated as to be pure CO 2 gas. A small quantity of the gas was introduced to IRMS to measure the ratio of 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 as the different mass weight of 45/44 to obtain δ 13 C (‰). There was a significant difference in δ 13 C among the 10 chickpea genotypes, and the δ 13 C in stress condition was a significantly higher than it in the control. A genotype of ICC 5337 showed the highest δ 13 C (- 26.0‰) in the stress condition. ICC 4958, which is well known as drought resistance variety, showed superior δ 13 C than the other genotypes at the 2nd (-27.2‰) and highest (-28.4‰) in the stress and control condition, respectively. J Kashiwagi, HD Upadhyaya, L Krishnamurthy, PM Gaur, IIPR-Kanpur and JIRCAS-Japan Milestone C.5.3.6: Ten chickpea lines identified, which showed steady high water use efficiency (WUE) as well as high yielding in two locations (JK/HDU/LK/PMG/IIPR-Kanpur/JIRCAS-Japan, 2009) The genotype by irrigation (G x I) interaction was significant, which indicates that the each genotype had different reaction on δ 13 C between the well watered and drought environments. A significant positive correlation between δ 13 C and TE was observed (r = 0.857, p
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Page 30 and 31: social capital in the nexus of tech
Page 32 and 33: Scaling out of agricultural technol
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Page 38 and 39: Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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Page 42 and 43: analysis of the sources of risk, ef
Page 44 and 45: problems that would otherwise invol
Page 46 and 47: Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
Page 48 and 49: environment two entries (2130 - 232
Page 50 and 51: Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Page 60 and 61: Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
Page 62 and 63: Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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Page 78 and 79: The genotyping of reference collect
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Page 96 and 97: To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
Page 98 and 99: Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Page 106 and 107: Information was also disseminated u
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Page 120 and 121: Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
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Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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through bulk storage and marketing
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days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
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advancement. These 352 progenies al
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and 834B had 95−98% DM incidence
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(check IPC 804 flowered in 50 days)
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Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
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Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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fertile hybrids, the promising comb
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Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
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Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
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Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
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The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
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Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
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I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
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Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
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highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
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18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
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Project 6 Producing more and better
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equired for disease development. Di
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In the advanced Spanish type trial
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TSV infection was recorded both on
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Genotype Generation Wild species us
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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BPP43-BP-BP-BP) asymptomatic and th
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a 1 - 9 rating scale. No resistance
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cross, the F 2 plants were classifi
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UAS Dharwad-ICRISAT collaborative r
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selection of material for use as pa
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damage, numbers of eggs laid, larva
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Characterization of variability in
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Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
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Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
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Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
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Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
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Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
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Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
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ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
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The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
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Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
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Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
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Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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