ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Project 6 Producing more and better food at lower cost of staple open-pollinated cereals and legumes (sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea and groundnut) through genetic improvement and crop management in the Asian SAT Groundnut Output A: Improved germplasm and varieties of sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and groundnut with pro-poor traits and advanced knowledge of selection tools and breeding methods made available to partners internationally MTP Output Targets 2006: At least 15 new varieties with resistance to late leaf spot and rust available and shared with partners Farmer preferred varieties in India, Vietnam and China identified and disseminated amongst partners Activity 6A.1.1: Evaluate and introgress new germplasm sources (cultivated and wild Arachis species) of variability for yield components, resistance to rust, LLS, and other emerging diseases, crop duration, and food and fodder quality traits Milestone: At least 100 crosses involving diverse germplasm and breeding lines for aforementioned traits effected (SNN/RA/FW/PLK) 2009 Ninety-seven crosses (42 for foliar diseases, 22 for medium-duration, 10 for short-duration, and 23 for confectionery traits) were made during the 2005/06 post-rainy and the 2006 rainy seasons to generate populations for selection for high yield, diseases resistance, desired crop duration, and confectionery traits in desirable agronomic backgrounds. New parents used in hybridization included high-yielding foliar diseases tolerant breeding lines (ICGV 04060, ICGV 04055, ICGV 04078, and ICGV 04093); germplasm lines (ICG 7340, ICG 6843, ICG 7621, and ICG 6330); high-yielding and medium-duration advanced breeding lines (ICGV 04112, ICGV 04124, ICGV 04149, ICGV 99159, and ICGV 95069); short-duration advanced breeding lines (ICGV 00308, ICGV 93392, ICGV 00290, and Nyanda); high-yielding, advanced breeding lines with confectionery traits, (ICGV 99083, ICGV 00350, ICGV 00451, and ICGV 00440), and germplasm lines (ICG 6767, ICG 6670, and ICG 1651). SN Nigam and R Aruna Milestone: Evaluation of groundnut lines for resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) and rust during under field conditions: Late leaf spot (LLS) (Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most serious fungal diseases of groundnut, particularly in the rainy season. Systematic screening of groundnut germplasm and breeding lines was initiated in the field and laboratory to incorporate resistance into high yielding cultivars with agronomic and quality characters suited to different environments. Ten groundnut breeding lines (ICGV 37, ICGV 00005, ICGV 00064, ICGV 01270, ICGV 01276, ICGV 92267, ICGV 86590, ICGV 87846, ICGV 99029, and ICGV 00068) along with the susceptible cultivar TMV 2, and a resistant control ICG 13919, were evaluated against late leaf spot and rust at 61, 74, 92, 106, and 123 days after sowing (DAS) at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, during the 2006 rainy season. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes in both the trials for disease score (LLS and rust) and leaf area damage (LAD). Late leaf spot (LLS): At 92 days after sowing (DAS), of the ten advanced groundnut breeding lines evaluated, ICGV 00068 (LLS score = 2.7; LAD = 7.0) was highly resistant. Six lines showed a disease score between 3.0 – 5.0 and LAD = 11.0 - 26.0 as compared to the resistant check ICG 13919 (LLS score = 2.7 and LAD = 6.3) and susceptible check TMV 2 (LLS score = 7.0 and LAD = 60.0) (Fig. 1). 178
Disease score (1-9 scale) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Score92 Score106 LAD92 LAD106 100 75 50 25 Leaf area damage (LAD) (%) 0 ICGV 00068 ICG 13919 ICGV 00064 ICGV 99029 ICGV 01276 ICGV 00005 ICGV 87846 ICGV 01270 ICGV 86590 ICGV 37 ICGV 92267 TMV 2 0 Genotypes Fig. 1. Evaluation of advanced groundnut breeding lines for resistance to late leaf spot (ICRISAT, Patancheru, 2006 rainy season) Rust: At 92 DAS, of the 10 advanced groundnut lines tested, eight lines showed a disease score of 1 – 2 and LAD = 0.3-1.7, and two lines (ICGV 92267 and ICGS 37) showed moderate levels of resistance (rust score = 3.8 -4.2, and LAD = 18.3 – 20.0) as compared to the resistant check ICGV 86699 (rust score = 1.8 and LAD = 0.8) and susceptible check TMV 2 (rust score = 6.0 and LAD = 40.0) (Fig. 2). ICGV 00064 showed resistance to both rust and LLS. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ICGV 01270 ICGV 00005 Score92 Score106 LAD92 LAD106 ICGV 00064 Evaluat ion of advanced breeding lines against Rust ICGV 87846 ICGV 01276 ICGV 86699 ICGV 99029 Genot ypes ICGV 00068 ICGV 86590 ICGV 92267 ICGV 37 TMV 2 10 0 75 50 25 0 Fig. 2. Evaluation of advanced groundnut breeding lines for rust resistance (ICRISAT, Patancheru, 2006 rainy season). Evaluation of advanced breeding lines for resistance to LLS and rust: Six replicated yield trials (elite foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Spanish bunch) (EFDRGVT - SB), elite foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Virginia bunch) (EFDRGVT - VB), advanced foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Spanish bunch) (AFDRGVT - SB), advanced foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Virginia bunch) (AFDRGVT - VB), preliminary foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Spanish bunch) (PFDRGVT - SB), and preliminary foliar diseases resistant groundnut varietal trial (Virginia bunch) (PFDRGVT -VB); consisting of 101 advance breeding lines were screened for resistance to rust and LLS in an experimental sick-plot containing inoculum bearing infector-rows. Experiment was laid out in a broad-bed-and-furrow (BBF) system with two replications. Size of each plot was 1.5 x 4 m, with inter-row spacing of 30 cm, and plant to plant spacing of 10 cm within a row. Chemical sprays were used to control insect pests. At 45 days after sowing, plots were inoculated by spraying the infected and test rows with mixed conidial suspension of P. personata and P. arachidis urediniospores. After inoculation, perfo-irrigation was provided daily for 30 min in the evening for 30 days to increase humidity 179
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
Page 132 and 133: IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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Page 136 and 137: Grain mold resistance in selections
Page 138 and 139: complete block design with three re
Page 140 and 141: In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
Page 142 and 143: Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 148 and 149: days and 34 flowered in 56−60 day
Page 150 and 151: advancement. These 352 progenies al
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
Page 160 and 161: Milestone 5A.7.1.2: Genetical studi
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 174 and 175: I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
Page 178 and 179: highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
Page 180 and 181: 18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
Page 184 and 185: equired for disease development. Di
Page 186 and 187: In the advanced Spanish type trial
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Page 192 and 193: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAD% (JL 24-P2
Page 194 and 195: Milestone: Five promising TSVcp tra
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
Page 222 and 223: ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
Page 224 and 225: The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
Page 226 and 227: Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
Page 228 and 229: Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
Page 230 and 231: Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
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Progress reported towards the achie
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Milestone: Two best transgenic grou
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Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
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Milestone: Botanicals with ability
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Table 2. Screening different botani
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plots. The results clearly suggest
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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