ICRISAT Archival Report 2006 - The seedlings of success in the ...

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Milestone: Five promising TSVcp transgenic events identified and the disease resistance characterized under contained field conditions (KKS/PLK/SNN) 2009 Milestone: Two best transgenic events with resistance to TSV used for introgression into locally adapted groundnut genotypes and their evaluation (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2010 Milestone: Commercialization package for groundnut with transgenic resistance to TSV available for deployment (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2011 Activity 6A.2.2: Develop transgenic events of groundnut for resistance to PBNV and evaluate their performance under contained greenhouse and field conditions Milestone: 100 transgenic events of groundnut with PBNVnp gene or alternative gene developed and screened in contained greenhouse (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2008 Peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) is an economically important virus disease of groundnut caused by Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV), transmitted by thrips, for which no durable resistance is available in the groundnut germplasm. Transgenic approach was undertaken to engineer resistance to PBNV using nucleoprotein (PBNVnp) gene in groundnut cultivar JL 24. Forty-eight independent transgenic events were produced by using two binary vectors encoding for PBNVnp gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens and micro-projectile mediated genetic transformation. The progeny of the transgenic plants were mechanically inoculated with PBNV at two concentrations, 1: 50 and 1: 100 (w/v) under P 2 greenhouse conditions. In the T 1 generation, at 1: 100 concentration of leaf sap inoculum, 24 of the 36 events tested did not show any symptoms and virus was not detected in these plants with ELISA. However, at higher concentration [1: 50], all the 24 events were infected by the virus, but the symptoms were delayed by 40 to 60 days in six events, when compared with the untransformed controls, which showed nearly 100% mortality within two weeks after inoculation. The 24 events were evaluated in a contained onstation trial at ICRISAT, Patancheru farm, during 2005. Planting was done with wide spacing to attract thrips vector for the virus inoculation. Most of the 24 events were affected by PBND, however, symptom appearance was delayed by 2 to 3 weeks in the transgenic plants compared to the controls. Although all the infected transgenic groundnut plants showed severe PBND symptoms, eight plants from the events B 8, B 9, B 11, B 13, B 15, B 19, B 20, and B 22 showed recovery, suggesting some tolerance to PBND. Apparent lack of resistance to PBNV in transgenic plants could be attributable to the presence of RNA silencing suppressor gene, NSs, in the PBNV genome, which could be rendering PBNVnp gene ineffective. Further studies have been planned to develop RNAi construct to counter the effect of NSs gene for transformation either by genetic engineering or conventional crossing into PBNVnp transgenic events. In addition, strategies are being developed to use RNAi constructs for conserved domains of PBNV replicase, nucleoprotein or movement genes, combined with RNAi constructs to counter and NSs gene for inducing RNAi-mediated resistance to PBNV in groundnut and other crops susceptible to this virus. KK Sharma, Lava Kumar and Farid Waliyar Progress reported towards the achievement of milestone for 2008 will contribute towards achievement of the milestones listed below. Milestone: At least 10 promising transgenic events identified and resistance to PBNV characterized under contained greenhouse conditions (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2009 Milestone: Five promising PBNVcp or alternative gene transgenic events identified and the disease resistance characterized under contained field conditions (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2010 Milestone: Two best transgenic events with resistance to PBNV used for introgression into locally adapted groundnut genotypes and their evaluation (KKS/PLK/SNN/RA) 2011 Chickpea Output A: Improved germplasm and varieties of sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and groundnut with pro-poor traits and advanced knowledge of selection tools and breeding methods made available to partners internationally 190
MTP Output Target 2006: 20 new high yielding fusarium wilt resistant kabuli and desi chickpea breeding lines made available to NARS Chickpea: Six lines (ICC 14194, ICC 14206, ICC 14215, ICC 17109, WR 315, and KAK 2) have been found to be asymptomatic to Fusarium wilt in chickpea. Three lines (ICCX-990026-F3-BP-25-BP, ICCX-990026-F3-BP-34-BP, and ICCX-990026-F3-BP-40-BP) were also superior to KAK 2 in seed yield, 100-seed weight, and flowering. Five lines (ICCV 05525, ICCV 05526, ICCV 05534, ICCV 97207, and ICCV 98501) have been identified to be resistant to BGM and FW, while ICCV 05523 showed resistance to AB and FW. Large-seeded Kabuli chickpea germplasm lines ICC 14194 and ICC 14198 have been found to be very early (days to maturity
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© International Crops Research Ins
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Project 1: Project 2: Project 3: Pr
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In April 2005 and again in August 2
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Handling new districts: Since 1970,
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food security for their families. E
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This PRA was followed by a structur
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vary by zone, household, and farm c
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The study hypothesizes that demand
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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Objectives: Identify production and
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Research, practice and coalition bu
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initial 2-3 years for smooth transi
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Based on the recommendation of the
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Collaborating Institutions and Scie
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social capital in the nexus of tech
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Scaling out of agricultural technol
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These economic research results hav
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due to population pressure and sub-
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Exploring the dynamics of poverty i
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in the rural Indian diet over the p
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analysis of the sources of risk, ef
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problems that would otherwise invol
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Milestone A.1.1.5: Priorities areas
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environment two entries (2130 - 232
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Output target A.4: Germplasm access
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Milestone A.6.1.2: Wild and cultiva
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(Trifolium alexandrium) (50) and Lu
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greater inflorescence length than a
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Output target C.1: Core and mini co
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Pearl millet: We constituted a pear
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Table 5. Number of missing data, al
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analyses showed a strong genetic st
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Desi (1668); Kabuli (1167); Interme
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(Fig. 3), which maybe attributed to
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Milestone C.3.1.18: Diversity and p
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Milestone C.4.1.2: Core collection
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Milestone C.5.1.8: Foxtail core set
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in both groups. Among the genotypes
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The genotyping of reference collect
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Output target C.9: Broadening the g
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Activity C.11.3: Comparative genomi
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Milestone D.2.1.2: DNA extracts of
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IPC 804 x 81B ) and two tester line
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Project 3 Producing more and better
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during the ongoing off-season. Geno
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glumes make threshing difficult. Th
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organizations, and development proj
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To help guide ICRISAT and West-Afri
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Trait Units Minimum Maximum Mean St
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Activity 3B3.1: Farmer-participator
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Activity 3B6.1: Screening groundnut
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two countries. Formal release has b
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Information was also disseminated u
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Milestone A1.1.2: At least one new
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for localized breeding and testing
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The pearl millet variety SDMV 90031
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Output Targets A6: High yielding fa
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will be implemented through researc
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interpreted with caution. Different
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Activity A9.3: Share seed of improv
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proven in target areas. This projec
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Output Target B5: New backcross pop
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Activity C2.2: Understand the in si
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Output 4D: Technological options an
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Project 5 Producing more and better
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IS 14384. At 18 days after seedling
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SFRIL 651151, SFRIL 65278, IS 2205,
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Grain mold resistance in selections
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complete block design with three re
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In another nursery, 384 F 5 s deriv
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Sweet sorghum male-sterile line dev
Page 144 and 145: Seed supplies: A total of 1768 seed
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Page 156 and 157: Milestone 5A.4.1.1: QTL mapping bas
Page 158 and 159: Milestone 5A.5.1.2: Spatial and tem
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Page 164 and 165: Milestone 5A.4.1.2: A hybrid seed p
Page 166 and 167: Milestone 5A.7.1.3: Technical infor
Page 168 and 169: Milestone 5B.2.1: Putative relation
Page 170 and 171: The phenotyping of F 6 inbred proge
Page 172 and 173: Milestone 5B.4.1.1: An effective P-
Page 174 and 175: I. Sorghum Output target 5C.1: Sorg
Page 176 and 177: Activity 5C.1.2: Conduct inheritanc
Page 178 and 179: highest levels of both Fe and Zn, w
Page 180 and 181: 18 16 14 No. of progenies 12 10 8 6
Page 182 and 183: Project 6 Producing more and better
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Page 186 and 187: In the advanced Spanish type trial
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Page 190 and 191: Genotype Generation Wild species us
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Page 208 and 209: Characterization of variability in
Page 210 and 211: Milestone: 50 transgenic events of
Page 212 and 213: Of the 28 entries tested, 27 entrie
Page 214 and 215: Activity 6A.1.2: Genetically divers
Page 216 and 217: Wide crosses for pod borer resistan
Page 218 and 219: Activity 6A.1.1: Selecting high bio
Page 220 and 221: Activity 6A.1.2: Developing QTL map
Page 222 and 223: ICRISAT, 8 lines (2.6-1.6 ± 0.13 t
Page 224 and 225: The transcription factor DREB1A, wh
Page 226 and 227: Milestone: At least 8 promising tra
Page 228 and 229: Activity 6B.1.2: Mapping and marker
Page 230 and 231: Pigeonpea Output B. Annually knowle
Page 232 and 233: Progress reported towards the achie
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Page 236 and 237: Milestone: At least 10 - 15 crosses
Page 238 and 239: Milestone: Botanicals with ability
Page 240 and 241: Table 2. Screening different botani
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During the Annual Rabi/Summer Seaso
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Project 7 Reducing Rural Poverty th
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from both savings in inputs (labor
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Tomatoes Tomatoes are the most popu
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Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Malali
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guidelines were understood from pro
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Table 7B4. Income distribution of f
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Table 7B 7. Summary of benefits fro
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ensure internalization of the sugge
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goat and cattle management and mark
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and risk coping strategies of pasto
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indicators of biodiversity loss, an
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iological condition as a prerequisi
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West and Central Africa • Pomme d
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grazing (in the still grazed plots)
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2.2.4 Contribution to the overall D
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example, phane is sold dried withou
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with sub outcropping that geologica
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2.1.2 How is it implemented? Napcod
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Table 4. Six selected FIRMs, their
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Key problem Key manifestations Effe
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Key problem Socioeconomic condition
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2.1.4 Contribution to the overall D
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2.1.5 Projected potential impact Wi
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production and rehabilitating the d
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2.6.2 How is it implemented? Survey
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leaf manure. Similarly, mango produ
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This work is carried out in close c
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indigenous knowledge; Output 1.6 -
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3. Use of fertilizer micro dosing t
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sources of income for the rural com
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2.3.3 Up-scaling the technology The
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The conversion of local Ziziphus us
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• The re-appearance of some wild
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D. Mali 1. The context Land degrada
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2.2.5 Projected potential impact
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afford. Another constraint to rehab
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In all the four countries in WCA, e
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Project Title “An aflatoxin risk
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Figure 9A.2. Schematic representati
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Milestones contributing to Output 9
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Unfortunately, for most countries g
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and grain production in almost all
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a) N stress in the rotation - resid
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the proposition that resource const
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Box 9B2 Project initiatives that ar
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• Fatondji D. Martius C., Bielder
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potential for use by smallholder fa
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The first step in the collaboration
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Table 9B6.Yield of soybean and sunf
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ii. Long Term Trends In Climate And
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Table 9B11. Manure effects on the w
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Each participating farmer grew crop
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fodder (2.43 t ha -1 ) yields acros
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additional technological and resour
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Specific Objectives: • Set up a c
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learned by piloting the development
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Journal Articles: Deb UK and BANTIL
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Journal Articles: Kulkarni VN, Rai
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Journal Articles: Piara Singh, D VI
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Journal Articles: Shiferaw B, Obare
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Conference Proceedings: Akponikpe P
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Conference Proceedings: Monyo ES, M
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Conference Proceedings: Shiferaw B,
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Conference Proceedings: Montpellier
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Book Chapters: Prabhakar Pathak. 20
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Book Chapters: Wani SP, MEERA REDDY
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Monographs: MATI BM. 2006. Prelimin
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Abstracts: Kileshye Onema J-M, Mazv
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Brochures/Pamphlets: Hoisington D.
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Invited Seminars: Dar WD, BHATNAGAR
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Invited Seminars: December 2006, Sc
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Invited Seminars: Management in Eth
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Invited Seminars: Rupela OP. 2006.
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Invited Seminars: Telugu/English Ne
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Invited Seminars: Vadez V, Hash CT,
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Manuals: Diouf A and Pasternak D. 2
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News Articles/Newsletter: Pradesh,
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News Articles/Newsletter: Shapiro B
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Poster Papers: BHATNAGAR-MATHUR P,
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Poster Papers: Johansen C, Musa AM,
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Poster Papers: Parthasarathy Rao P,
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Poster Papers: Upadhyaya HD, BHATTA
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Electronic modules (Websites) devel
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Appendix 2. List of Staff Internati
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Name Title Ashok Alur Project Coord
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Visiting Scientists Consultants Nam
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