Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Appendix C. Evidence Tables
Tables are sorted by year, then last name of first author.
Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Social skills: Social skills:
Akhondzadeh et Pentoxifylline +
• Between 4 and 12 years ABC-C
ABC-C
al. 2010
risperidone or placebo + of age
Lethargy/Social Lethargy/Social
Country: risperidone for 10 weeks • Met DSM-IV-TR criteria Withdrawal, mean ± Withdrawal, mean
Iran
Practice
setting:
Academic
Intervention
setting:
outpatient clinic
Enrollment
period:
April 2007–April
2009
Funding:
Tehran University
of Medical
Sciences
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design: RCT
(Double-blind,
parallel group)
for Autistic Disorder SD:
± SD:
Risperidone titration: • Outpatients from a G1: 18.27 ± 2.97 G1:
• up to 2 mg/day in specialty clinic for G2: 17.29 ± 3.23 Week 10:
children weighing children at a psychiatric
8.03 ± 3.64
between 10 -40 kg (0.5 teaching hospital Communication/ G2:
mg starting dosage with Exclusion criteria: language: Week 10:
0.5 mg increments in • concomitant
ABC-C
13.05 ± 1.93
weekly dosage for first 3 schizophrenia or Inappropriate G1 and G2
weeks)
psychotic disorders Speech, mean ± significantly
• 3 mg/day for children • history of drug or alcohol SD:
different based on
>40 kg
abuse
G1: 5.13 ± 0.83 groups x time
Pentoxiphylline titration: • history of tardive
G2: 4.94 ± 0.92 interaction (P ≤
• 400 mg/day increase for dyskinesia
0.0001)
children weighing • received neuroleptics or
Repetitive
between 10-40 kg (200
behavior:
Communication/
other psychotropic drug
mg starting dose with 6 months prior to
ABC-C Stereotypic language:
100 mg increments recruitment
Behavior, mean ± ABC-C
every 2 days)
SD:
Inappropriate
• significant active medical
• 600 mg (300mg starting
G1: 8.01 ± 1.30 Speech, mean ±
problem
dose with 100 mg
G2: 7.72 ± 1.44 SD:
• severe or profound
increments every 2
G1:
mental retardation
days) for children >40
Problem behavior: Week 10:
precluding definitive
kg.
ABC-C
2.08 ± 0.94
diagnosis of autism
Hyperactivity/nonco G2:
Age, mean/yrs ± SD
Placebo:
mpliance, mean ± Week 10:
(range):
• matched for shape,
SD:
3.73 ± 0.55
G1: 8.05 ± 2.01 (4-11)
size, color and taste
G1:16.03 ± 2.60 G1 and G2
G2: 7.37 ± 2.41 (4-12)
G2:15.44 ± 2.88 significantly
Mental age: NR
Assessments:
different based on
Gender:
Aberrant Behavior
ABC-C Irritability, groups x time
M, n (%):
Checklist-
mean ± SD: interaction (P ≤
G1: 15 (75)
Community (ABC-C),
G1: 16.67 ± 2.71 0.0001)
G2: 14 (70)
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
G2: 16.06 ± 3.00
F, n (%):
Rating Scale (ESRS) G1: 5 (25)
G2: 6 (30)
Groups:
G1: pentoxifylline +
risperidone
G2: placebo + risperidone
Co-interventions held
stable during treatment:
NR (no psychosocial
therapies during trial)
Race/ethnicity:
NR
SES:
NR
Diagnostic approach:
Referral and confirmed In
study by child psychiatrist
C-1