Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Description Intervention
Author:
Quirmbach et al.,
2009
Country:
US
Practice
setting:
Academic
Intervention
setting:
Clinic
Enrollment
period:
NR
Funding:
NR
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
RCT
Intervention:
Two social stories training
sessions one week apart.
Baseline and four other
trials were completed
each day. The last trial
was a generalization trial,
where games were
switched.
Assessments:
Observation/direct
assessment (ADOS,
WISC-IV, PIAT-R);
observation (turn-taking
games 5 times per day in
play room): total game
playing skill score 0-8,
2 points per skill
(greeting behaviors,
requesting to play a
game, asking another
person what they want to
play, accepting another’s
choice of game)
Groups:
G1: social story, standard
condition (both training
days)
G2: social story, directive
condition (both training
days)
G3: control story condition
unrelated to social skills
(control story first day,
randomly assigned to
either standard or
directive story on the
second day)
G1a: G1 with VCI > 68
G2a: G2 with VCI > 68
G3a: G3 with VCI > 68
G3s: G3a with standard
second day
G3d: G3a with directive
second day
Provider:
Inclusion/ Exclusion
Criteria/ Population
Inclusion criteria:
• ASD diagnosis
Exclusion criteria:
• Insufficient reading skills
(less than first grade
level on PIAT-R)
Age, yrs ± SD (range):
G1: 9.49 ± 2.09 (7-12)
G2: 10.33 ± 2.53 (7-14)
G3: 8.85 ± 1.59 (7-12)
G1a: 9.49 ± 2.04 (7-12)
G2a: 9.72 ± 2.61 (7-14)
G3a: 8.79 ± 1.38 (7-11)
Mental age:
See IQ under baseline
Gender, n (%):
Male:
G1: 14 (93)
G2: 14 (93)
G3: 14 (93)
Female:
G1: 1 (7)
G2: 1 (7)
G3: 1 (7)
Race/ethnicity:
NR
SES:
Maternal education: NR
Household income: NR
Diagnostic approach: NR
Diagnostic tool/method:
ADOS
Diagnostic category, n
(%):
Autism: 42 (93)
ASD: 3 (7)
Other characteristics:
NR
C-85
Baseline
Measures Outcomes
Sleep behavior:
G1: 6.17 ± 7.14
G2: 5.70 ± 8.56
P = 0.85
Harms
NR
Overall ratings:
Modifiers
NR
Social skills:
ADOS score, mean ± Total game
SD:
playing skills
G1: 15.00 ± 4.99 score, mean ±
G2: 14.40 ± 3.81 SD:
G3: 15.60 ± 4.87 Day 1, trial 2:
G1a: 11.90 ± 2.42 G1: 4.53 ± 3.48
G2a: 12.60 ± 3.20 G2: 3.73 ± 2.96
G3a: 13.20 ± 2.94 G3: NR
Educational/cog- G1a: 6.30 ± 2.83
nitive/academic G2a: 5.10 ± 2.60
attainment: G3a: NR
WISC-IV score, mean G3s: 2.40 ± 1.14
± SD:
G3d: 2.40 ± 1.14
FSIQ:
Day 1, trial 3:
G1: 86.20 ± 22.80 G1: 4.53 ± 3.25
G2: 81.00 ± 20.26 G2: 4.87 ± 2.90
G3: 79.47 ± 22.68 G3: NR
G1a: 98.80 ± 16.25 G1a: 6.40 ± 2.07
G2a: 91.70 ± 14.87 G2a: 6.30 ± 2.45
G3a: 91.50 ± 16.47 G3a: NR
VCI:
G3s: 2.80 ± 1.30
G1: 82.07 ± 28.04 G3d: 2.20 ± 0.84
G2: 79.33 ± 24.85 Day 1, trial 4:
G3: 78.80 ± 27.86 G1: 4.07 ± 3.17
G1a: 98.70 ± 17.32 G2: 5.07 ± 2.84
G2a: 93.50 ± 16.34 G3: NR
G3a: 95.10 ± 17.92 G1a: 5.90 ±2.03
PRI:
G2a: 6.40 ± 2.27
G1: 99.47 ± 13.83 G3a: NR
G2: 95.20 ± 13.18 G3s: 2.40 ± 1.67
G3: 90.67 ± 18.89 G3d: 2.20 ± 0.84
G1a: 103.20 ± 14.64 ANOVA (only
G2a: 100.90 ± 8.49 trials 1-4):
G3a: 97.80 ± 17.12 G1/G3: P < 0.05
PIAT-R score, mean G2/G3: P < 0.05
± SD:
Improvement
Reading recognition: across trials:
G1: 4.09 ± 3.55 P < 0.001
G2: 3.66 ± 3.00 G1a/G3a:
G3: 2.49 ± 1.41 P < 0.001
G1a: 5.36 ± 3.76 G2a/G3a:
G2a: 4.29 ± 3.51 P < 0.001
G3a: 2.96 ± 1.51 Improvement
Reading
across trials:
comprehension: P < 0.001