Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD Study Inclusion/Exclusion Description Intervention Criteria/Population Drew et al., Speech & language 2002 (continued) therapy services, mean/hrs ± SD: G1: 0.3 ± 0.3 G2: 0.6 ± 1.1 Drew et al., 2002 (continued) 1 to 1 structured activities with child, mean/hrs ± SD: G1: 1 ± 0.7 G2: 1.6 ± 1.1 N at enrollment: G1: 12 G2: 12 N at follow-up: G1: 12 G2: 12 C-376 Baseline Measures Outcomes Repetitive ADI overall behavior: language rating, ADI-Repetitive & n: Stereotyped G1: Behavior, mean ± Nonverbal (
Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD Study Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline Description Intervention Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes Author: Intervention: Inclusion criteria: Overall ratings: Social skills: Escalona et al., Imitation vs. contingently • Diagnosed with autism CARS score, mean: Time spent 2002 Country: US responsive Four phases, each 3 minutes long: • Nonverbal behavior (unspecified) Exclusion criteria: G1: 38 G2: 37 G1/G2: P = NS looking at adult, phase 3, %: G1: 6.0 Practice setting: Academic Intervention setting: Clinic Enrollment period: NR Funding: NIH, Johnson & Johnson Author industry relationship disclosures: NR Design: RCT • Phase 1: still face • See inclusion criteria Social skills: G2: 5.1 • Phase 2: unfamiliar Age, years (range): Time spent looking G1/BL: P = NS adult imitative or Total: NR (3-7) at adult, %: G2/BL: P < 0.05 contingently responsive Female: 4.8 (NR) G1: 7.9 G1/G2: P = NS to behaviors of child Male: 5.5 (NR) G2: 2.6 Time spent more • Phase 3: still face Mental age: Time spent more than 5 feet from • Phase 4: spontaneous PEP-R cognitive than 5 feet from adult, phase 3, %: play interaction performance, mean adult, %: G1: 69.6 Assessments: developmental level: G1: 91.8 G2: 68.6 PEP-R, 3-minute G1: 19 G2: 94.6 G1/BL: P < 0.01 videotaped sessions G2: 17 Time touching adult G2/BL: P < 0.01 Groups: G1/G2: P = NS with a smooth, light G1/G2: P = NS G1: imitation Gender, n : touch (“socially Time touching G2: contingently Male: 12 positive way”), %: adult with a responsive Female: 8 G1: 0.1 smooth, light Provider: Race/ethnicity, %: G2: 0 touch (“socially NR White: 41 Communication/ positive way”), Measure of treatment Hispanic: 27 language: phase 3, %: fidelity reported: Black: 23 Time spent in G1: 0.9 No Other ethnic group: 9 silence, %: G2: 0.2 Co-interventions held SES: G1: 85.3 G1/BL: P < 0.05 stable during treatment: Maternal education: NR G2: 84.7 G2/BL: P = NS NR Household income: NR Repetitive G1/G2: P = NS Concomitant therapies: Hollingshead Index: 2.7 behavior: Communication/ NR Diagnostic approach: Time spend showing language: N at enrollment: Referral motor sterotypies, Time spent in G1: 10 Diagnostic tool/method: %: silence, phase 3, G2: 10 DSM-IV (“children G1: 0.9 %: N at follow-up: diagnosed with autism by G2: 0.6 G1: 81.2 G1: 10 the age of 3 by the school’s Motor skills: G2: 77.9 G2: 10 experienced clinical Time spent in motor G1/BL: P = NS psychologist”) activity (running/ G2/BL: P < 0.05 Diagnostic category, n walking/jumping), %: G1/G2: P = NS (%): G1: 6.2 Repetitive Autism: 20 (100) G2: 4.4 behavior: Other characteristics: PEP-R cognitive Time spend NR verbal score, mean showing motor developmental level: sterotypies, phase G1: 17 3, %: G2: 14 G1: 0.9 G1/G2: P = NS G2: 1.1 G1/BL: P = NS G2/BL: P < 0.05 G1/G2: P = NS Escalona et al., Motor skills: 2002 (continued) Time spent in motor activity (running/walking/ jumping), phase 3, %: G1: 2.1 G2: 4.3 C-377
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Comparative Effectiveness Review Nu
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This report is based on research co
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Therapies for Children With Autism
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Figures Figure A. Analytic framewor
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Table A. Description of interventio
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Analytic Framework Figure A. Analyt
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Strength of evidence. The degree of
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epetitive behavior showed improveme
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subgroups of children, although the
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We encourage investigators to provi
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9. Remington B, Hastings RP, Kovsho
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46. Green J, Charman T, McConachie
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82. Reaven JA, Blakeley-Smith A, Ni
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120. Masi G, Cosenza A, Mucci M, et
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157. Evangeliou A, Vlachonikolis I,
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Introduction Need for Evidence for
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Interventions intended primarily to
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Table 1. Description of behavioral
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Serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Sero
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Table 3. Description of medical and
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Table 4. Description of allied heal
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Key Questions and Analytic Framewor
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Chapter 4 discusses the results in
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Methods This chapter documents proc
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• Did not present aggregated resu
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Additional behavioral interventions
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1. Did the study employ a group des
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Scoring: Studies minimally had to h
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These ratings of applicability do n
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Figure 2. Disposition of articles a
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• ABA-based approaches including
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education, children in the intensiv
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abilities. This finding is further
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Table 10. Outcomes of early intensi
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forecast behavior; perspective taki
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interaction with peers; outcome mea
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hyperactivity, inattention, challen
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Table 12. Outcomes of RCTs assessin
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Schedule for Affective Disorders an
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SCAS-P=Spence Child Anxiety Scale-P
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Summary of the literature. Jarusiew
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Table 14. Overview of educational s
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on the Ankara Developmental Screeni
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Checklist scores decreased by 8.4 f
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Table 15. Outcomes of studies asses
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evaluated the effects of risperidon
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that this somnolence improved over
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Table 17. Outcomes of RCTs of antip
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SRIs
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One prospective case series of esci
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Most participants were recruited fr
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Summary of the literature-other int
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withdrew after the first six weeks;
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therefore described separately belo
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addressed, 85 typically involves on
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In the second paper, 89 treatment s
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Table 25. Overview of CAM studies a
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Teacher and Parent Scales, behavior
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Because of the potentially increase
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Educational Interventions Child cha
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showed diminished response to escit
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oom as the other assessments, so it
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contrast group (n=18) on three meas
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and are based on consideration of f
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Few studies directly comparing the
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Strength of evidence. The strength
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While individual studies of CBT and
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Table 32. Summary of results of edu
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Table 33. Summary of results of med
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strength of this reviewed literatur
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Table 36. Intervention, strength of
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Table 37. Interventions/outcomes wi
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gains. 104 Other studies have seen
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percent of behavioral studies repor
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limited followup, lack of comparati
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individual intervention is warrante
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selecting participants for their st
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studies lacked an arm that consider
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23. Kanner L. Autistic Disturbances
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62. Dosman CF, Drmic IE, Brian JA,
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104. Ben-Itzchak E and Zachor DA. T
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142. Tyminski RF and Moore PJ. The
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177. Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Scahill
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214. Correia CT, Almeida JP, Santos
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252. Akhondzadeh S, Tajdar H, Moham
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290. Dawson G, Rogers S, Munson J,
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Acronyms/Abbreviations ABA Applied
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Appendix A. Exact Search Strings an
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Table A2. PsycINFO search strategie
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Therapies for Children with Autism
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Therapies for Children with ASD Sys
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Appendix C. Evidence Tables Tables
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Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Page 513 and 514: Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Page 599 and 600: Dunn-Geier et al., 2000 (continued)
Page 601 and 602: Evidence Table: Therapies for Child
Page 607 and 608: Appendix D. List of Excluded Studie
Page 609 and 610: 31. Aarsland D, Cummings JL and Lar
Page 611 and 612: 59. Ahearn WH, Clark KM, Gardenier
Page 613 and 614: 89. Allison DB, Basile VC and MacDo
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118. Ando H, Yoshimura I and Wakaba
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146. Atkinson RP, Jenson WR, Rovner
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177. Bakare MO, Agomoh AO, Ebigbo P
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204. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allis
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233. Bebko JM, Perry A and Bryson S
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262. Bergmann F, Stepp H, Metzger R
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291. Birkan B, McClannahan LE and K
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319. Boddy F, Rowan EN, Lett D, et
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348. Bouma R and Schweitzer R. The
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376. Broadstock M, Doughty C and Eg
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404. Brudnak MA. Application of gen
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432. Buitelaar JK. Why have drug tr
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460. Butler DE, Nordin IC, L’Ital
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489. Campbell M, Locascio JJ, Choro
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517. Caronna EB, Augustyn M and Zuc
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546. Case-Smith J and Miller H. Occ
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574. Charlop MH, Burgio LD, Iwata B
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602. Cheng CW, Cho SH, Taylor M, et
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631. Cicero FR and Pfadt A. Investi
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662. Collier D and Reid G. A compar
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691. Coskun M, Karakoc S, Kircelli
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718. Cullen LA, Barlow JH and Cushw
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748. Davidovitch M, Holtzman G and
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777. DeLeon IG, Fisher WW and Marhe
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805. Devlin SD, Harber MM. Collabor
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834. Doherty K, Fitzgerald M and Ma
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863. Dudley LL, Johnson C and Barne
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893. Dybvik AC. Autism and the Incl
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924. Elder JH. In-home communicatio
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953. Erickson CA, Posey DJ, Stigler
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979. Faja S, Aylward E, Bernier R,
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1008. Ferri R, Elia M, Agarwal N, e
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1037. Fisher W, Kerbeshian J and Bu
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1066. Fragala-Pinkham M, Haley SM a
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1095. Furneaux B. Keeping the balan
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1124. Garcaa-Villamisar D, Wehman P
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1152. Ghezzi PM. Discrete Trials Te
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1180. Goin-Kochel RP, Myers BJ and
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1210. Gordon R, Handleman JS and Ha
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1239. Grimaldi BL. The central role
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1268. Guptill JT, Booker AB, Gibbs
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1296. Hamdan-Allen G. Brief report:
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1324. Hare DJ, Jones JPR and Paine
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1356. Harrison S and Berry L. Valui
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1386. Heilbrun AB, Jr., Blum N and
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1414. Hetzroni OE and Shalem U. Fro
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1443. Holburn CS. Counter the mistr
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1473. Horner RH, Carr EG, Strain PS
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1504. Hughes C, Soares-Boucaud I, H
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1533. Ijichi S and Ijichi N. Beyond
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1562. James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S,
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1591. Johnson CR, Butter EM, Handen
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1619. Joyce PR. The medical model-w
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1647. Karmali I, Greer RD, Nuzzolo-
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1673. Kelly AB, Garnett MS, Attwood
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1702. Kielinen M, Linna SL and Moil
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1731. Klin A, Lin DJ, Gorrindo P, e
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1761. Koegel RL and Frea WD. Treatm
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1790. Kolmen BK, Feldman HM, Handen
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1819. Kratochvil CJ, Findling RL, M
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1846. Lam MK and Rao N. Developing
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1874. Lattimore LP, Parsons MB and
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1903. Lee PC. Verification of a sim
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1932. Lerman DC, Vorndran C, Addiso
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1960. Licciardello CC, Harchik AE a
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1989. Liptak GS, Orlando M, Yinglin
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2015. Lorimer PA, Simpson RL, Myles
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2043. Luiselli JK, Kane A, Treml T,
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2071. MacFarlane JR and Kanaya T. W
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2099. Malone RP, Maislin G, Choudhu
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2127. Marin FZ. CAM versus nucleopl
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2157. Martineau J, Roux S, Adrien J
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2185. Matson JL and Lo Vullo SV. A
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2213. McCabe H. The Importance of P
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2240. McDougle CJ, Holmes JP, Carls
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2267. McHale SM, Olley JG, Marcus L
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2296. Merlo LJ, Lehmkuhl HD, Geffke
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2325. Minderaa RB, Anderson GM, Vol
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2354. Montgomery JM, Duncan CR and
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2385. Morrison RS, Sainato DM, Benc
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2413. Munesue T, Ono Y, Mutoh K, et
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2445. Napolitano DA, Tessing JL, Mc
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2474. Niederhofer H and Pittschiele
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2501. Nwora AJ and Gee BM. A case s
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2530. Olive ML, Lang RB and Davis T
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2559. Owens JA, Rosen CL and Mindel
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2589. Pansegrouw I and Alant E. Com
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2618. Paul C, Williams KE, Riegel K
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2646. Perry R, Nobler MS and Campbe
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2675. Piazza CC, Hagopian LP, Hughe
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2704. Poon L, Partika N and Bolman
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2734. Prizant BM. Speech-language p
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2764. Rapp JT, Vollmer TR, St. Pete
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2792. Reed P, Broomfield L, McHugh
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2819. Remington G, Sloman L, Konsta
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2849. Ringdahl JE, Kitsukawa K, And
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2877. Rogers SJ. Interventions that
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2908. Rossignol DA. Novel and emerg
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2939. Rutter M, Kreppner J, Croft C
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2967. Sandt D. Social Stories for S
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2994. Scanlon K. Art therapy with a
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3023. Schneider CK, Melmed RD, Bars
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3054. Schwartz IS, Sandall SR, Garf
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3085. Shafer MS, Egel AL and Neef N
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3115. Shipley-Benamou R, Lutzker JR
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3143. Siller M and Sigman M. The be
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3173. Smith C, Felce D, Jones E, et
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3202. Snyder A, Bossomaier T and Mi
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3230. Spero MH. The emancipation of
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3259. Stephens CE. Spontaneous imit
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3289. Strambi M, Longini M, Hayek J
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3318. Suzumura K. How an autistic b
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3346. Tager-Flusberg H and Calkins
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3376. Taylor I, O’Reilly M and La
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3407. Thunberg G, Ahlsen E and Sand
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3435. Trembath D, Balandin S, Toghe
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3464. Turner-Brown LM, Perry TD, Di
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3492. Van Der Putt R, Dineen C, Jan
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3522. Vitiello B. Recent NIMH clini
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3553. Walenski M, Mostofsky SH, Gid
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3581. Weber RC and Thorpe J. Teachi
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3610. Wheeler JJ, Baggett BA, Fox J
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3637. Williams B. Mental handicap n
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3669. Wimpory D, Chadwick P and Nas
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3698. Worth S and Reynolds S. The A
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3728. Young JM, Krantz PJ, McClanna
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3759. Zuddas A, Di Martino A, Mugli
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Appendix F. Approach to Categorizin
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APPENDIX G. Discussion of Recent Sy
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one a casein free regime. Diets wer
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outcome data as Type 6, defined as
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Yes—no disclosures to make G7 Bai
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Table G1. Characteristics of recent
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Random assignment Appropriate compa
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Study Group design Random assignmen
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APPENDIX I. Applicability Summary T
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Social skills (continued) Domain De
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