Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Inclusion/ Exclusion
Description Intervention
G1: 20
G2: 18
G3: 18
Criteria/ Population
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: ADOS-G total
Green et al. Parent-mediated • Met criteria for core social-
2010
communication-focused autism according to communication
Country: (Preschool Autism ADOS-G and ADI-R algorithm score,
UK (London,
Manchester and
Newcastle)
Communication Trial
[PACT]) intervention or
treatment as usual at
• Age 2 yrs to 4 yrs and 11 mean ± SD:
mos
G1: 19.6 ± 4.2
Exclusion criteria: G2: 19.3 ± 4.0
three specialist centers • Twin with autism
Practice
• Non-verbal age ≤12 mos ADOS-G social
setting:
After an initial orientation on the Mullen Early domain, mean ±
Specialty meeting, families attended Learning Scales SD:
treatment center biweekly 2-hr clinic • Epilepsy requiring G1: 10.7 ± 2.2
sessions for 6 mos medication
G2: 10.7 ± 2.1
Intervention followed by monthly
• Severe hearing or visual
setting:
booster sessions for 6
impairment in a parent or
ADOS-G
Clinic, home mos (total=18). Between
the child
communication
Enrollment sessions, families were
domain, mean ±
• Parent with a severe
period:
also asked to do 30 min of
psychiatric disorder
SD:
September 2006 daily home practice.
requiring treatment
G1: 8.9 ± 2.5
through February
Age, mean months
G2: 8.6 ± 2.5
2008
Families in both groups of
(range):
Funding: the trial continued with
G1: 45 (26–60)
ADOS-G repetitive
University of treatment as usual.
G2: 45 (24–60)
behavior domain,
Manchester, Follow-up at 13 mos.
Mental age, mean
mean ± SD:
Medical Research
months ± SD:
G1: 3.7 ± 1.5
Council; UK Assessments:
Mullen non-verbal IQ age
G2: 3.7 ± 1.4
Department ADOS, PLS, MCDI,
equivalent:
for Children, CSBS-DP, & VABS
G1: 27.0 ± 10.0
Preschool
Schools and
G2: 25.3 ± 9.5
Language Scales
Families; UK Groups:
Gender: n (%):
(PLS) receptive
Department of G1: Preschool Autism
M:
raw scores, mean
Health
Communication Trial
G1: 71 (92)
± SD:
Design: (PACT) and treatment as
G2: 67 (89)
G1: 15.6 ± 9.8
RCT
usual
F:
G2: 15.0 ± 9.7
G2: Treatment as usual
G1: 6 (8)
See related study
G2: 8 (11)
PLS expressive
Aldred et al. 2004 Provider:
raw scores, mean
• Speech and language
± SD:
therapists
G1: 15.0 ± 8.1
G2: 15.1 ± 7.9
Treatment manual
followed: Yes
Defined protocol
followed: Yes
Measure of treatment
fidelity reported: Yes
Co-interventions held
stable during treatment:
NR
Parents’ race/ethnicity, n
(%):
White:
G1: 46 (60)
G2: 41 (55)
1 white, 1 non-white:
G1: 5 (6)
G2: 9 (12)
Non-white:
G1: 26 (34)
G2: 25 (33)
C-11
Baseline
Measures Outcomes
Parent-child
interaction:
parental
synchrony, mean
% ± SD:
G1: 31.8 ± 14.8
G2: 31.3 ± 14.6
Parent-child
interaction: child
initiations, mean %
± SD:
G1: 23.0 ± 17.4
Change in
ADOS-G
diagnosis to
autism spectrum
disorder, n (%):
G1: 22 (30)
G2: 17 (24)
Change in
ADOS-G
diagnosis to
non-spectrum, n
(%):
G1: 4 (5)
G2: 5 (7)
Analysis adjusted
for initial ADOS-G
category, age
group, and center:
nonsignificant
effect of treatment
on any clinician-or
teacher-rated
outcomes
Social skills:
ADOS-G, total
socialcommunication
algorithm score,
mean ± SD:
G1: 15.7 ± 6.0
G2: 16.5 ± 5.7
Change from
baseline, mean ±
SD:
G1: -3.9 ± 4.7
G2: -2.9 ± 3.9
ADOS-G social
domain, mean ±
SD:
G1: 9.2 ± 3.0
G2: 9.8 ± 2.9
Change from
baseline, mean ±
SD:
G1: -1.5 ± 2.8
G2: -0.9 ± 2.5