Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Communication/ Communication/
Wetherby et al., Early Social Interaction G1
language: language:
2006
project (ESI): routines- • CSBS behavior sample Social signals, mean Social signals,
Country: based intervention in from children between ± SD:
mean ± SD:
US
natural environments; ages 12-24 months and Gaze shifts: Gaze shifts:
Practice individualized curriculum; again between 25-36 G1: 4.18 ± 1.67 G1: 5.18 ± 1.51
setting:
parent-implemented months after 12 months G2: NA
G2: 3.28 ± 1.71
Academic curriculum; recommended ESI
Shared positive G1/BL: P = 0.091
Intervention
setting:
Home, classroom
Enrollment
period:
NR
Funding:
U.S. Department
of Education,
Office of Special
Education and
Rehabilitation
Services
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
Prospective case
series
2 home visits/week • Provisional diagnosis of affect:
G1/G2: P = 0.001
G1 also participated in autism or systemic G1: 1.88 ± 1.83 Shared positive
parent-child playgroup observation of red flags G2: NA
affect:
guided by two
of ASD during first Gaze/point follow: G1: 3.41 ± 2.00
interventionists thru the behavior sample G1: 0.35 ± 0.61 G2: 1.31 ± 1.38
FIRST WORDS project: • Age ≤ 24 months G2: NA
G1/BL: P = 0.053
attended for 9 weeks • Family agreed to Rate of
G1/G2: P = 0.005
during the ESI
participate in ESI for 12 communicating, Gaze/point follow:
intervention year
months
mean ± SD: G1: 1.29 ± 0.85
Assessments:
• Family agreed to G1: 8.71 ± 5.36 G2: 0.61 ± 0.70
Pre- and post-intervention diagnostic evaluation of G2: NA
G1/BL: P = 0.004
measures of social child at 36 months Communicative G1/G2: P = 0.014
communication; MSEL, G2:
functions, mean ± Rate of
VABS
• CSBS DP behavior
SD:
communicating,
Groups:
sample from 25-36
Behavior regulation: mean ± SD:
G1: intervention (enmonths
G1: 3.59 ± 2.12 G1: 16.18 ± 2.56
tered study at age 2 and
• No previous intervention
G2: NA
G2: 11.94 ± 5.51
received ESI for 1 year)
services before behavior
Social interaction: G1/BL: P < 0.001
G2: control (age 3)
sample was videotaped
G1: 0.65 ± 0.93 G1/G2: P = 0.007
Provider:
G2: NA
Communicative
• Suspicion of ASD
Speech language
Joint attention: functions, mean ±
• Family agreed to
pathologists, early
G1: 0.65 ± 0.93 SD:
diagnostic evaluation at
childhood education
G2: NA
Behavior
36 months
specialist
Communicative regulation:
Exclusion criteria:
Measure of treatment
means inventory, G1: 5.53 ± 0.63
fidelity reported:
• See inclusion criteria
mean ± SD: G2: 4.11 ± 1.81
Age, months ± SD:
Yes
Gestures:
G1/BL: P = 0.002
Co-interventions held
Pre-ESI:
G1:1.76 ± 1.15 G1/G2: P = 0.005
stable during treatment:
G1: 18.19 ± 3.85
G2: NA
Social interaction:
NR
Post-ESI:
Consonants: G1: 2.29 ± 1.86
Concomitant therapies:
G1: 30.72 ± 3.66
G1: 1.0 ± 1.37 G2: 0.89 ± 1.28
NR
Upon recruitment:
G2: NA
G1/BL: P = 0.002
N at enrollment:
G2: 31.61 ± 3.45
Words:
G1/G2: P = 0.015
G1: 17
Mental age:
G1: 0.18 ± 0.53 Joint attention:
G2: 18
NR
G2: NA
G1: 2.94 ± 2.16
N at follow-up:
Gender, %:
Symbolic capacity, G2: 1.39 ± 1.54
G1: 17
Male:
mean ± SD: G1/BL: P = 0.001
G2: 18
G1: 88
Understanding: G1/G2: P = 0.021
G2: 78
G1: 0.82 ± 1.38
Female:
G2: NA
G1: 12
G2: 22
Race/ethnicity, %:
Caucasian:
G1: 65
G2: 61
Wetherby et al.,
African-American: Inventory of actions: Communicative
2006 (continued)
G1: 12
G1: 3.88 ± 2.0 means inventory,
G2: 17
G2: NA
mean ± SD:
Hispanic:
Actions to others: Gestures:
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