Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Description Intervention
Comments: **Subjects randomized during crossover phase
Author:
Kim et al., 2008*
Kim et al., 2009†
Country:
South Korea
Practice
setting:
Academic
Intervention
setting:
Clinic
Enrollment
period:
NR
Funding:
Graduate School
of Music Therapy,
Institute for
Communication
and Psychology,
Aalbord
University,
Denmark
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
RCT, Cross-over
design
Intervention:
12 weekly 30 minute
improvisational music
therapy sessions vs. 12
weekly 30 minute play
sessions with toys; half of
the children had music
therapy first, the others
play sessions first (24
sessions total competed
over 7-8 months)
Music and play therapy
sessions conducted by
different therapists;
sessions were divided into
child lead first, then
therapist lead second
Assessments:
Parent and provider report
(PDDBI, CARS, Korean
PEP-R), clinician direct
observation and
assessment (ESCS, video
coding); frequency &
duration of observed
behaviors recorded by
trained research
assistants. Predefined
target behaviors were
undertaken on selected 4
minute samples taken
from the undirected
and more directed parts of
the session, and from
selected sessions (1, 4, 8,
12). Each target behavior
Inclusion/ Exclusion
Criteria/ Population
Inclusion criteria:
• DSM-IV criteria for
autistic disorder
• no previous music or
play therapy experience
• Aged 3-5 years
Exclusion Criteria:
• See inclusion criteria
Age, months ± SD
(range):
51.20 ± 12.08 (39-71)
Mental age:
See IQ under baseline
measures
Gender, n (%):
Enrollment:
Male: 13 (87)
Female: 2 (13)
Follow-up:
Male: 10 (100)
Race/ethnicity:
NR
SES:
Maternal education: NR
Household income: NR
Diagnostic approach:
Referred from Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry at
Seoul National University
Hospital
Diagnostic tool/method:
Met DSM-IV criteria as well
as cutoff on the Korean
version of the CARS;
ADOS administered for
4/10 children, who all met
C-59
Baseline
Measures Outcomes
G2: 15/47 (32)
G3: 12/47 (25)
G5: 6/47 (13)
G1/G5: P < 0.001
G2/G5: P < 0.001
G3/G5: P < 0.001
Nonsignificant
trend toward
moderating effect
of diagnosis on
effect (P = 0.07).
Age group, IQ,
weight group, or
diagnosis did not
moderate
treatment effect
on SNAP-IV or
CYPBOCS-PDD
scores.
CARS, mean ± SD
(range):
36.10 ± 3.41(32-
42.5)
Korean PEP-DQ,
mean ± SD (range):
70.29 ± 9.97 (60-89)
Korean SMS-SQ,
mean ± SD (range):
58.84 ± 7.80 (47.40-
71)
PDDBI score:
NR (graphs only)
ESCS score:
NR (graphs only)
Overall ratings:*
PDDBI score: NR
(graphs only)
ANOVA: scores
increase with time
P < 0.0001
Communication/
language:*
ESCS joint attention
score: NR
(graphs only)
ANOVA: timegroup
interaction
(music therapy
more effective
than play) P =
0.01
Eye Contact: NR
(graphs only)
ANOVA: Longer
duration in music
therapy than play
P < 0.0001
Turn-Taking: NR
(graphs only)
ANOVA: Longer
duration in music
therapy than play
P < 0.0001
Social skills:†
Joy, mean ± SD:
Duration:
G1: 13.28 ± 22.98
G2: 2.81 ± 7.93
G1/G2: P < 0.001
Frequency: