Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Educational/ Educational/
Rickards et al., Home-based program: • Delays in two or more cognitive/ cognitive/
2007
1 of 2 specialist preschool areas of development academic academic
Country: teachers visited each based on play observa- attainment: attainment:
Australia family weekly for 1-1.5 tions, parental interview, IQ score, mean ± IQ score, mean ±
Practice hours for 12 months. Time and information supplied SD:
SD:
setting:
was spent discussing by referring agency G1: 60.2 ± 20 G1: 64.9 ± 22.2
Academic protocols developed at Exclusion criteria: G1a: 55.7 ± 22.1 G1a: 57.2 ± 21.9
Intervention the centers, and • Diagnosis of cerebral G1b: 67 ± 14.4 G1b: 76.4 ± 17.9
setting:
developing new goals and palsy
G2: 60.6 ± 21.8 G2: 57.1 ± 22.4
Clinic (child strategies as needed. • Families with inadequate G2a: 52.9 ± 18.3 G2a: 48.6 ± 17.5
development and Included parent training English language skills G2b: 80.8 ± 17.4 G2b: 79.4 ± 18.8
early intervention and adapting home Age, months ± SD: G1/G2: P = NS G1+G2/BL: P =
center)
environment for the needs G1: 44.6 ± 6.1
Problem behavior: NS
Enrollment of the child. Addressed G2: 43.1 ± 6.5
Behavior Rating G1/G2: P = 0.007
period:
daily living skills, how to Mental age:
Scale score, mean ± G1a/BL: P = NS
May 2000 to respond to behavior, how NR
SD
G1b/BL: P = NS
December 2003 to provide choices. Gender, n (%):
G1: 98 ± 17.1 G2a/BL: P = NS
Funding: Center-based program: Male:
(n=29)
G2b/BL: P = NS
Murdoch children in both the home- G1: 24 (80)
G2: 98.3 ± 13.4 G1a/G2a: P =
Children’s based program and G2: 23 (79)
(n=28)
0.09
Research Institute control groups participa- Female:
G1/G2: P = NS G1b/G2b: P =
and the Jack ted in one of two center- G1: 6 (20)
Behavior Screening 0.08
Brockhoff based programs. This G2: 6 (21)
Questionnaire, Change in IQ, n:
Foundation consisted of 5 hours Race/ethnicity:
mean ± SD: Improved:
Author industry spread over two weekly NR
G1: 11.3 ± 4.9 G1: 12
relationship sessions and included an SES:
G2: 9.6 ± 4.4 (n=28) G2: 3
disclosures: individualized program for Maternal education < 12 G1/G2: P = NS No change:
NR
each child determined by years, n (%):
Preschool Behavior G1: 10
Design: the child’s developmental G1: 14 (48.3)
Checklist score, G2: 16
RCT
level, learning style, and G2: 14 (50)
mean ± SD: Deteriorated:
interests. Training Social status, Daniel Scale G1: 19.2 ± 10.4 G1: 8
techniques included score, n (%):
(n=27)
G2: 10
chaining, variety, High (1-4):
G1a: 22.1 ± 11 No change:
repetition, sequencing, G1: 9 (30)
(n=16)
G1: 10
and reward systems. The G2: 11 (37.9)
G1b: 15 ± 8.2 G2: 16
major principle was to Low (4.1-7.0):
(n=11)
G1/G2: P = 0.03
learn through play; G1: 21 (70)
G2: 17.4 ± 10.8 Problem
communication systems G2: 18 (62.1)
(n=26)
behavior:
(PECS), behavior Diagnostic approach: G2a: 22 ± 9.7 Behavior Rating
modification techniques, In Study
(n=18)
Scale score,
speech and OT were Diagnostic tool/method: G2b: 7.1 ± 3.4 (n=8) mean ± SD
provided as needed. DSM-IV or ADI-R & ADOS G1/G2: P = NS G1: 105.8 ± 13.2
Assessments:
Diagnostic category, n Adaptive behavior: (n=29)
Baseline and 13 months (%):
VABS composite G2: 100.8 ± 11.2
(mean for both groups). ASD:
score, mean ± SD: (n=28)
Cognitive development G1: 18 (60)
G1: 61.2 ± 18.8 G1+G2/BL: P =
either by BSID-II or by G2: 21 (72.4)
G2: 55 ± 14.6 0.01
WPPSI-R
Developmental delay: (n=28)
G1/G2: P = NS
Adaptive behavior by G1: 7 (23.3)
G1/G2: P = NS
VABS parent interview G2: 2 (6.9)
Bayley Behavior Rating
Scale by psychologist
Rickards et al., Behavior Screening Language delay:
Behavior
2007 (continued) Questionnaire competed G1: 5 (16.7)
Screening
by parents
G2: 6 (20.7)
Questionnaire,
Preschool Behavior Other characteristics:
mean ± SD:
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