Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Description Intervention
Comments: *Data only illustrated graphically.
Author:
Intervention:
Laud et al., Intensive Interdisciplinary
2009
Feeding Program
Country: Behavior therapy –
US
Consisted of systematic
Practice meal sessions with
setting:
individualized behavior
Academic protocols involving
Intervention antecedent and
setting:
consequence
Clinic
manipulations in the
Enrollment meals
period:
Oral motor therapy –
December 2000 to Conducted by speech
February 2008 pathologist/occupational
Funding: therapist used to
NR
determine a child’s skill
Author industry and safety in eating by
relationship providing oral exercises
disclosures: Duration:
NR
Average: 47 days
Design: Frequency:
Case series Inpatients (n=23):
3 hrs/day behavioral and
1 hr/day oral therapy 7
days/week
Outpatients (n=23):
3 hrs/day behavioral and
1 hr/day oral therapy 5
days/week
Assessments:
Participant feeding
behaviors such as
acceptance, refusal
behaviors, negative
vocalizations, and grams
consumed
Caregiver assessment
measures (conducted
upon admission and
before discharge)
included the CEBI,
caregiver satisfaction
scores, and follow-up
survey
Groups:
Inclusion/ Exclusion
Criteria/ Population
Inclusion criteria:
• ≥ 3 years of age
• Diagnosis of ASD
Exclusion criteria:
• Discharged early for
medical reason making
involvement in treatment
unsafe or for personal
reasons of care giver
Age, years (range):
69 (36-145)
Mental age:
NR
Gender, n (%):
Male: 40 (87)
Female: 6 (13)
Race/ethnicity, n (%):
White: 24 (52)
African American: 5 (11)
Asian: 3 (7)
Latinos: 3 (7)
American Indian: 1 (2)
Other: 10 (22)
SES:
Maternal education: NR
Household income: NR
Diagnostic approach:
Referral
Diagnostic tool/method:
NR
Diagnostic category, n
(%):
ASD: 46 (100)
Other characteristics, n
(%):
Failure to Thrive: 7 (15.2)
GER: 26 (56.6)
Food allergies: 8 (17.4)
Nissen fundoplication: 7
(15.2)
Esophagitis/gastritis/
duodenitis: 22 (23.9)
Chronic lung disease: 6
(13.0)
Cerebral palsy: 5 (10.9)
TEF: 0
C-66
Baseline
Measures Outcomes
adjusted for
dosage,
adherence, and
relevant baseline
characteristics.
There was no
significant effect
of IQ on treatment
response.
Feeding behaviors:
Acceptance, mean
%:
G1: 15.56
Refusal behaviors,
mean rate per trial:
G1: 25.00
Negative vocalizetions,
mean %:
G1: 19.93
Grams consumed,
mean:
G1: 24.41
Caregiver
assessment:
CEBI total eating
problems score,
mean:
G1: 107.12
Caregiver satisfaction
score, mean:
G1: NA
Feeding
behaviors:
Acceptance,
mean %:
G1: 91.42,
G1/BL: P < 0.000
Refusal
behaviors, mean
rate per trial:
G1: 21
G1/BL: P < 0.007
Refusal
behaviors, followup
survey, years
from baseline, n
(%):
Improved:
1-3: 10/14 (71.4)
3+: 15/15 (100)
Same:
1-3: 0/14
3+: 0/15
Worsened:
1-3: 1/14 (7.1)
3+: 0/15
Negative vocalizetions,
mean %:
G1: 4.45
G1/BL: P < 0.000
Grams consumed,
mean:
G1: 247.82
G1/BL: P < 0.000
Variety of foods
follow-up survey,
years from
baseline, n (%):
Greater:
1-3: 11/14 (78.6)
3+: 8/15 (53.3)
Same:
1-3: 1/14 (7.1)
3+: 3/15 (20)
Less:
1-3: 0/14
3+: 0/15