Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Educational/ Educational/
Sallows et al., Intensive clinic-directed • Recruited through local cognitive/ cognitive/
2005
vs. less intensive parent- birth-3 special education academic academic
Country: directed groups using programs
attainment: attainment:
US
Practice
setting:
Academic
Intervention
setting:
Clinic
Enrollment
period:
1996 to 1997
Funding:
NIH
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
RCT
treatment based on UCLA • Age 24-42 months at FSIQ, mean ± SD FSIQ, mean ± SD
model (without aversives intake
G1: 50.85 ± 10.57 G1: 73.08 ± 33.08
and the addition of proc- • Ratio estimate of mental G2: 52.10 ± 8.98 G2: 79.60 ± 21.80
edures from subsequent age/chronological age by Ga: 55.27 ± 8.96 Ga: 103.73 ±
approaches)
Mental Development Gb: 47.83 ± 9.37 13.35
Clinic-directed treatment Index ≥ 35
Nonverbal IQ, mean Gb: 50.42 ± 6.98
parents had 6-10 hours/ • Neurologically within ± SD:
Ga/BL: P < 0.01
week of 2-3 hour in-home “normal” limits as G1: 70.58 ± 16.54 Gb/BL: P = NS
consultation sessions with determined by a G2: 82.67 ± 14.94 ANOVA: time
a senior therapist, team pediatric neurologist Ga: 83.56 ± 14.84 (P < 0.01)*
meetings for 1 hour per • Diagnosis of autism by Gb: 69.83 ± 15.93 Verbal IQ, mean ±
week, and an hour-long independent child Communication/ SD:
progress review per week psychiatrists familiar with language: G1: 78.00 ± 33.48
for 1-2 years and every autism and known for VABS communica- G2: 76.30 ± 26.66
other month thereafter; their experience tion score, mean ± Ga: 101.45 ±
parent-directed treatment • Met DSM-IV criteria for SD
18.72
had one 3 hour consulta- autism as determined by
G1: 57.46 ± 4.97 Gb: 47.44 ± 2.06
tion session with a senior
trained examiner
G2: 63.20 ± 5.58 Ga/BL: P < 0.01
therapist every 2 weeks, Exclusion criteria: Ga: 60.82 ± 4.02 Gb/BL: P = NS
team meetings for 1 hour
• See inclusion criteria
Gb: 59.17 ± 7.22 ANOVA: time
every 1-2 weeks, and an
Age, months ± SD:
RDLS score, mean (P < 0.01)*
hour-long progress review
Pre-test:
± SD:
PIQ, mean ± SD:
every other month
G1: 33.23 ± 3.89
Receptive language: G1: 84.90 ± 25.86
Duration: 4 years
G2: 34.20 ± 5.06
G1: 38.85 ± 6.09 G2: 90.70 ± 20.72
Frequency, 1:1 direct
During treatment:
G2: 38.78 ± 6.44 Ga: 107.55 ± 9.44
treatment, hours/week ±
G1: 35.00 ± 4.86
Ga: 39.30 ± 6.91 Gb: 63.67 ± 8.43
SD:
G2: 37.10 ± 5.36
Gb: 38.42 ± 5.59 Ga/BL: P < 0.01
Year 1:
Post-test:
Expressive Gb/BL: P < 0.01
G1: 38.60 ± 2.91
G1: 83.23 ± 8.92
language:
ANOVA: time
G2: 31.67 ± 5.81
G2: 82.50 ± 6.61
G1: 47.92 ± 6.17 (P < 0.01)*
Year 2:
Mental age:
G2: 48.44 ± 6.96 Nonverbal IQ,
G1: 36.55 ± 3.83
See baseline measures
Ga: 49.90 ± 7.75 mean ± SD
G2: 30.88 ± 4.04
Gender, n (%):
Gb: 47.50 ± 6.54 G1: 77.58 ± 25.24
Assessments:
Adaptive behavior: G2: 89.44 ± 18.35
Male:
BSID, Merrill-Palmer
G1: 11 (84.6)
VABS score, mean Ga:108.78 ±
scales, RDLS, VABS
G2: 8 (80)
± SD:
10.96
communication, daily
Female:
Daily living skills: Gb: 67.70 ± 12.35
living and socials skills,
G1: 2 (15.4)
G1: 63.92 ± 5.53 Ga/BL: P = NS
WASI, WISC-III, Leiter R,
G2: 2 (20)
G2: 64.20 ± 3.68 Gb/BL: P = NS
Clinical Evaluation of
Race/ethnicity:
Ga: 66.45 ± 4.25 ANOVA: time
Language Fundamentals
NR
Gb: 61.83 ± 4.20 (P = NS)*
administered by invest-
SES:
Composite:
tigator or independent
G1: 59.54 ± 5.31
Maternal education to BA
psychologist at pre-
level, n (%):
G2: 60.90 ± 5.94
treatment and annually for
G1: 9/12 (75)
Ga: 61.73 ± 4.59
4 years
G2: 9/10 (90)
Gb: 58.67 ± 6.09
Sallows et al., ADI-R administered by Paternal education to BA Social skills: Personality
2005 (continued) investigator/psychologist level, n (%):
VABS socialization Inventory for
and Personality Inventory G1: 10/12 (83.3)
score, mean ± SD: Children, parent
for Children completed by G2: 6/9 (66.7)
G1: 58.38 ± 6.17 rated, cognitive
parent after 3 years Household income, median G2: 60.30 ± 5.76 development
treatment
(range):
Ga: 61.55 ± 6.58 score, mean ±
Child Behavior Checklist G1: $62,000 ($35,000- Gb: 57.08 ± 4.63 SD:
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