Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Motor skills: Motor skills:
Carmody et al., 2 sets of eyeglasses with • Children consecutively Ball catch score, Ball catch score,
2001
prism lenses (5 diopters), referred to a child mean % ± SD: mean % ± SD:
Country: 1 with lenses oriented development center and Habitual viewing: Facilitating
Hong Kong prism base-up and the diagnosed with autistic 31.30 ± 22.53 lenses:
other oriented prism base- disorder by DSM-IV or
70.91 ± 24.94
Practice down
WHO criteria
Ball misses, %: Habitual vs.
setting:
Exclusion criteria: Habitual viewing: 49 Facilitating
Academic All children assessed • See inclusion criteria
lenses, t(22) =
without glasses (habitual Age, median years Ball passive catches 7.656,
viewing) and with each of (range): 8 (3-18) (ball caught after P < 0.0001
the two study eyeglasses Mental age:
rebounding off
(base-up viewing and NR
child’s body), %: Ball misses, %:
base-down viewing) Gender, n (%):
Habitual viewing: 31 Facilitating
M: 22 (91.7)
lenses: 24
Base-up, base-down F: 2 (8.3)
Ball active catches
ambient lenses trials for
(ball caught on Ball passive
60-90 seconds/trial with a Race/ethnicity:
swing without hitting catches (ball
random order of lenses NR
child first), %: caught after
SES:
Habitual viewing: 20 rebounding off
child’s body), %:
Maternal education: NR
Facilitating
lenses: 12
Intervention
setting: Child
development
center
Enrollment
period:
July 1994 to
December 1995
Funding: Portion
sponsored by
NYU
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design: Case
series
Carmody et al.,
2001 (continued)
Facilitating lenses: the
prism eyeglasses that
worked best for an
individual patient
Assessment: Each
participant assessed
independently by one
experimenter in a single
session lasting 20–30
minutes. Behavior
assessment done by
raters, performance
videotaped
Groups:
G1: all participants
Provider:
Optometrist or
pediatrician
Treatment manual
followed: No
Defined protocol
followed: Yes
Measure of treatment
fidelity reported:
No
Co-interventions held
stable during treatment:
NA
Concomitant therapies:
NR
Household income: NR
Diagnostic approach:
Referral
Diagnostic tool/method:
DSM-IV, WHO criteria
Diagnostic category, n
(%):
Autistic disorder: 24 (100)
Other characteristics, n:
Normal visual acuity: 18
Far-sighted: 3
Near-sighted: 3
C-389
Ball active
catches (ball
caught on swing
without hitting
child first), %:
Facilitating
lenses: 64
Children’s ability
to catch a ball
was significantly
better with use of
facilitating lenses
as compared with
habitual viewing
(P < 0.0001)
Harms
NR
Modifiers
NR