Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Inclusion/ Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/ Population Measures Outcomes
Funding: Questionnaire
• Neurological or medical RBS restricted G1/BL: P = NS
NR
(PCQ), PSI-SF, RBS, conditions that may behavior score, Repetitive
Author industry sleep diaries completed contribute to disordered mean ± SD: behavior:
relationship by parents at baseline sleep (e.g., epileptic G1: 5.11 ± 3.6 RBS restricted
disclosures: and again approximately seizures)
PCQ score, mean ± behavior score,
None
1 month after final session Age, years ± SD: SD:
mean ± SD:*
Design: of workshop; actigraphy 5.8 ± 2.7
Compulsive G1: 3.89 ± 3.1
Case series, was downloaded at Mental age:
behavior:
G1/BL: P = 0.007
prospective conclusion of each PPVT receptive language G1: 2.20 ± 0.89 PCQ score, mean
baseline and post- score, mean ± SD: Self-stimulatory ± SD:
treatment week
74.6 ± 25
behavior:
Compulsive
Groups:
Gender, n (%):
G1: 2.47 ± 1.17 behavior:
G1: sleep education Male: 16 (80)
Self-injurious G1: 1.80 ± 0.83
workshop
Female: 4 (20)
behavior:
G1/BL: P = NS
G1a: children who took Race/ethnicity, n: G1: 1.60 ± 0.88 Self-stimulatory
more than 20 minutes to White: 15
Problem behavior: behavior:
fall asleep on baseline African-American: Children’s Sleep G1: 2.05 ± 0.91
actigraphy readings 4 Asian: 1
Habits Question- G1/BL: P = 0.021
G1b: children with night SES:
naire, bedtime Self-injurious
wakings on actigraphy Maternal education: NR resistance score, behavior:
readings
Household income: NR mean ± SD: G1: 1.45 ± 0.69
Provider:
Diagnostic approach: G1: 10.50 ± 3.65 G1/BL: P = NS
Neurology sleep specialist In study
PCQ score, mean ± Problem
and a pediatrician with Diagnostic tool/method: SD:
behavior:
expertise in ASD with ADOS
Aggression: Children’s Sleep
assistance from a nurse Diagnostic category, n: G1: 2.15 ± 1.04 Habits Question-
educator and educational Autism: 15
Hyperactivity: naire, bedtime
consultant
ASD: 5
G1: 3.15 ± 1.04 resistance score,
Measure of treatment Other characteristics: Mood swings: mean ± SD:
fidelity reported: Reported sleep concerns, G1: 2.10 ± 1.02 G1: 8.45 ± 2.84
No
%:
Adaptive behavior: G1/BL: P = 0.001
Co-interventions held Difficulty falling asleep: 75 Family Inventory of PCQ score, mean
stable during treatment: Night waking: 60
Sleep Habits score, ± SD:
NR
Early morning awakenings: mean ± SD: Aggression:
Concomitant therapies: 35
Exercise during the G1: 1.95 ± 0.94
Taking psychotropic Cosleeping with parents: day:
G1/BL: P = NS
medications, n: 6 35
G1: 4.25 ± 0.85 Hyperactivity:
N at enrollment:
G1: 2.60 ± 0.99
G1: 25
G1/BL: P = NS
Reed et al., 2009 N at follow-up:
Sleep problems present Wakes up about Mood swings:
(continued) G1: 20
since birth: 50
same time each G1: 1.85 ± 0.93
Sleep problems occurring day:
Adaptive
around the time of the G1: 3.70 ± 0.86 behavior:
autism diagnosis: 50 Relaxing activities Family Inventory
before bed: of Sleep Habits
G1: 2.95 ± 1.19 score, mean ±
Goes to bed at SD:
same time each Exercise during
night:
the day:
G1: 3.94 ± 1.16 G1: 4.50 ± 0.69
Follow regular G1/BL: P = NS
bedtime routine: Wakes up about
G1: 3.39 ± 1.24 same time each
PCQ attention span day:
score, mean ± SD: G1: 4.05 ± 0.22
G1: 2.90 ± 0.79 G1/BL: P = NS
Commonly Relaxing activities
C-90