Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Inclusion criteria: Educational/ Educational/
Eikeseth et al., Intervention:
• Age 4-7 years at intake cognitive: cognitive:
2002
Eikeseth et al.,
2007†
Behavioral treatment:
Lovaas treatment
excluding aversive
• Diagnosed with autism
according to ADI-R
administered by child
IQ, mean ± SD:
G1: 61.92 ± 11.31
G2: 65.17 ± 14.97
IQ, mean ± SD:
1 year:
G1: 79.08 ± 18.09
Country: contingencies;
clinical psychologist and PIQ, mean ± SD: G2: 69.5 ± 18.38
Norway
progression from simple clinical interview G1: 77.54 ± 30.21 G1/G2: P < 0.01
Practice to complex tasks such as • Diagnosis established G2: 81.83 ± 21.05 8 years:†
setting:
imitating verbal and less than 6 months prior Communication/ G1: 86.9 ± 25
Academic nonverbal behavior, to study entrance for all language: G2: 71.9 ± 28.4
Intervention labeling objects,
participants
Language status, G1/G2: P < 0.05
setting:
identifying actions, and • Deviation IQ of 50 or mean ± SD: PIQ, 1 year, mean
School
abstract concepts. above on WPPSI-R or Comprehension: ± SD:
Enrollment Progression to answering ratio IQ of 50 or above G1: 49.03 ± 16.42 G1: 95 ± 16.91
period:
questions, conversing and on BSID-R
G2: 50.38 ± 15.46 G2: 90.17 ± 19.97
November 1995 to making friends with peers. • No major medical Expressive: Communication/
November 1998 Also emphasized play and conditions
G1: 45.12 ± 13.44 language:
Funding: social skills. Based on Exclusion criteria: G2: 51.24 ± 19.24 Language status,
NIH†
operant conditioning
• See inclusion criteria Total:
1 year, mean ±
Author industry principles such as Age, months ± SD: G1: 51.83 ± 17.42 SD:
relationship shaping, chaining, G1: 66.31 ± 11.31 G2: 60.00 ± 24.22 Comprehension:
disclosures: discrimination training, G2: 65 ± 10.95
VABS communi- G1: 58.47 ± 17.11
NR
and contingency Mental age:
cation score, mean G2: 47.55 ± 17.25
Design: management. Progressed
See IQ scores in baseline ± SD:
G1/G2: P < 0.05
Non randomized from discrete trial to
measures
G1: 58.23 ± 9.21 Expressive:
controlled trial generalizing skills. Gender, n (%):
G2: 63.17 ± 16.11 G1: 67.39 ± 17.81
Eclectic treatment:
Male:
Adaptive behavior: G2: 49 ± 18.69
best practices, including G1: 8 (62)
VABS daily living G1/G2: P < 0.05
TEACCH, sensory-motor G2: 11 (92)
score, mean ± SD: Total:
therapies, and ABA
Female:
G1: 56.92 ± 9.8 G1: 76.85 ± 26.67
Treatment hours, mean ± G1: 5 (38)
G2: 57.00 ± 15.92 G2: 61.58 ± 24.34
SD (range):
G2: 1 (8)
VABS composite G1/G2: P < 0.05
G1: 28 ± 5.76 (20-35)
Race/ethnicity:
score, mean ± SD: VABS communi-
G2: 29.08 ± 8.05 (20-41)
NR
G1: 55.77 ± 8.96 cation score,
Assessments:
SES:
G2: 60.00 ± 13.2 mean ± SD:
ADI-R administered by
Maternal education: NR
Social skills:* 1 year:
independent child clinical
Household income: NR
VABS socialization G1: 73.93 ± 16.55
psychologist prior to study Diagnostic approach: score, mean ± SD: G2: 61.58 ± 13.37
Weekly, 2-hour meetings
In Study
G1: 59.92 ± 7.19 G1/G2: P < 0.01
with child, primary Diagnostic tool/method:
G2: 62.17 ± 10.32 8 years:†
caregiver, therapists, ADI-R and clinical interview
G1: 78.5 ± 22.3
supervisor, and director;
conducted by clinical
G2: 56 ± 16.3
treatment program was psychologist independent
G1/G2: P < 0.01
modified based on data of the investigation
Adaptive
collected during the Diagnostic category, n
behavior:
preceding week (%):
VABS daily living
Autism: 25 (100)
score, mean ±
Other characteristics:
SD:
NR
1 year:
G1: 66.15 ± 16.55
G2: 62.5 ± 10.97
Eikeseth et al., Child assessed at intake
8 years:†
2002
and 1 year after treatment
G1: 66.1 ± 18.1
Eikeseth et al., began (follow-up
G2: 50.4 ± 20.2
2007† (continued) conducted by licensed
G1/G2: P < 0.05
psychologist or examiner
VABS composite
with Master’s in Special
score, mean ±
C-207