Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Educational/ Educational/
Cohen et al., 2006 35-40 hours/week of • Primary diagnosis of cognitive/ cognitive/
Country: Early Intensive Behavioral autistic disorder/PDD- academic/ academic
US
treatment (EIBT) based NOS based on an attainment: attainment:
Practice on Lovaas’ UCLA
evaluation by an IQ, mean ± SD: IQ, year 3, mean:
setting:
treatment model for 47 independent licensed G1: 61.6 ± 16.4 G1: 87
Community weeks/year over 3 years psychologist and G2: 59.4 ± 14.7 G2: 73 (n=19)
Intervention Intervention protocol confirmed by ADI-R Merrill-Palmer Scale G1/G2: P < 0.05
setting:
consisted of in-home 1:1 • Pre-treatment IQ > 35 on of Mental Tests Children in the
Home and school instruction, peer play the BSID-R
score, mean ± SD: average range, n:
Enrollment training and regular • Age 18-42 months at G1: 82.4 ± 17.3 G1: 12
period:
education classroom diagnosis and under G2: 73.4 ± 11.9 G2: 7
1995 to 2000 inclusion
48 months at treatment Communication/ G1/G2: P = NS
Funding: At one year into EIBT, the onset
language: Regular education
Valley Mountain distribution of hours were: • No severe medical RDLS score, mean classroom place-
Regional Center • Home instruction for limitation or illness ± SD:
ment, year 3, n:
(Stockton, CA) 26-31 hours
including motor or Comprehension: G1: 17/21*
and the child’s • Peer play for 3-5 hours sensory deficits that G1: 51.7 ± 15.2 G2: 1/21
Special Education • Pre-school for 6-9 would preclude a child G2: 52.7 ± 15.1 G1/G2: P = 0.001
Local Planning hours
from participating in 30 Expressive Merrill-Palmer
Area residence Comparison group: hours per week of language:
Scale of Mental
Author industry children meeting criteria treatment
G1: 52.9 ± 14.5 Tests score,
relationship for EIBT and whose • Residence within 60 km G2: 52.8 ± 14.4 mean change:
disclosures: parents chose other of the treatment agency VABS communica- G1: 13
NR
services; controls • No more than 400 hours tion score, mean ± G2: 13 (n=16)
Design: received services from of behavioral interven-
SD:
G1/G2: P = NS
Prospective cohort local public schools. tion prior to intake
G1: 69.4 ± 11.8 Communication/
Assessments:
• Parents agreed to
G2: 65.0 ± 6.8 language:
ADI by certified examiner participate actively in
Adaptive behavior: RDLS language
at baseline; independent parent training and
VABS score, mean comprehension
licensed psychologist generalization and to
± SD:
score, mean:
administered
have an adult present
Composite: G1: 72
standardized behavior during home intervention
G1: 69.8 ± 8.1 G2: 62 (n=19)
observation, parent
G2: 70.6 ± 9.6 G1/G2: P = 0.06
hours
interview, and develop- Exclusion criteria:
Daily living skills: Children in the
mental tests, including the
G1: 73.2 ± 9.2 average range, n:
• See inclusion criteria
BSID-R, Merrill-Palmer
G2: 72.7 ± 12.5 G1: 8
Age, years ± SD:
Scale of Mental Tests,
Social skills: G2: 4
G1: 30.2 ± 5.8 G2: 33.2
RDLS, and VABS at
VABS socialization G1/G2: P = NS
± 3.7
baseline and annual
score, mean ± SD: RDLS expressive
Mental age:
follow-up
G1: 70.3 ± 10.9 language score,
See baseline measures
Groups:
G2: 75.1 ± 13.0 mean:
Gender, n (%):
G1: EIBT
G1: 78 (n=20)
Male:
G2: comparison group
G2: 66 (n=19)
G1: 18 (85.7)
Provider:
G1/G2: P = 0.13
G2: 17 (81)
Staff and parents
Children in the
Female:
Measure of treatment
average range, n:
G1: 3 (14.3)
fidelity reported:
G1: 9
G2: 4 (19)
NR
G2: 6
Race/ethnicity:
Co-interventions held
G1/G2: P = NS
NR
stable during treatment:
NR
Cohen et al., 2006 Concomitant therapies: SES:
VABS communi-
(continued) NR
Maternal education, years
cation score,
N at enrollment: ± SD:
mean ± SD:
G1: 21
G1: 15.3 ± 2.9
G1: NR***
G2: 21
G2: 13.1 ± 1.6
G2: NR***
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