Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued) Study Inclusion/ Exclusion Baseline Description Intervention Criteria/ Population Measures Outcomes Novartis (1) lab tests), ADI-R inter- • Lifetime diagnosis of G2: 4.31 ± 1.67 G1/G2: P = 0.006 Noven (1) view, parent ratings on schizophrenia, other ABC irritability ABC irritability Organon (1) Home Situations psychotic disorder, or score, mean ± SD: score, week 24, Shire (2) Questionnaire and ABC, bipolar disorder G1: 29.7 ± 6.10 mean ± SD: Sigma Tau (1) Supernus (1) Targacept (1) Design: RCT and IQ testing; VABS, CGI-S, CY-BOCS Assessed at 8 weeks for response to risperidone At 16 weeks, a face-toface “booster” session and 2 follow-up phone consultations (conducted at 2 week intervals) to maintain treatment gains Groups: G1: risperidone G2: risperidone plus parent training • Current diagnosis of major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or substance abuse • Significant medical condition (e.g., heart, liver, renal, pulmonary disease), unstable seizure disorder, or significant abnormality on routine laboratory tests Age, years ± SD: G1: 7.5 ± 2.80 G2: 7.38 ± 2.21 G2: 29.3 ± 6.97 G1: 14.53 ± 9.90 ABC hyperactivity/ G2: 10.96 ± 6.64 noncompliance G1/G2: P = 0.01 score, mean ± SD: ABC hyperactivity/ G1: 36.1 ± 6.86 noncompliance G2: 35.3 ± 9.30 score, week 24, Adaptive behavior: mean ± SD: VABS daily living G1: 20.78 ± 12.38 skills score, mean ± G2: 15.38 ± 10.23 SD: G1/G2: P = 0.04 G1: 41.1 ± 19.8 G2: 50.8 ± 18.5 Aman et al., 2009 Co-interventions held Mental age: Commonly Commonly (continued) stable during treatment: NR occurring occurring NR Gender, n (%): comorbidities: comorbidities: Treatment fidelity Male: 105 (85) CYBOCS score, CYBOCS score, assessed: Female: 19 (15) mean ± SD: week 24, mean ± Yes Race/ethnicity, n (%): G1: 16.22 ± 2.47 SD: Frequency of contact White/non-Hispanic: G2: 14.72 ± 2.85 G1: 11.86 ± 4.47 during study: G1: 34 (69.4) Home Situations G2: 10.11 ± 3.83 Weekly for first 18 weeks G2: 59 (78.7) Questionnaire, “yes” G1/G2: P = 0.62 Concomitant therapies, Hispanic: count, mean ± SD: Harms, n (%): n (%): G1: 7 (14.3) G1: 18.9 ± 3.46 Rhinitis: Anticonvulsant G2: 4 (5.3) G2: 18.6 ± 4.65 G1: 39 (79.6) medication: African American: CGI-S score, n (%): G2: 60 (80.0) G1: 4 (8.2) G1: 7 (14.3) Moderate/4: G1/G2: P = 0.96 G2: 0 G2: 9 (12.1) G1: 14 (28.6) Cough: N at enrollment: Asian American: G2: 25 (33.3) G1: 39 (79.6) G1: 49 G1: 0 Marked/5: G2: 58 (77.3) G2: 75 G2: 3 (4.0) G1: 19 (38.8) G1/G2: P = 0.77 N at 24 week follow-up: Native American G2: 33 (44.0) Appetite increase: G1: 40 G2: 55 G1: 1 (2.0) G2: 0 (0) Severe/6: G1: 15 (30.6) G1: 38 (77.6) G2: 55 (73.3) SES: G2: 17 (22.7) G1/G2: P = 0.6 Maternal education: NR Extreme/7: Fatigue: Household income: NR G1: 1 (2.0) G1: 33 (67.5) Diagnostic approach: G2: 0 (0) G2: 60 (80) In Study VABS composite G1/G2: P = 0.11 Diagnostic tool/method: score, mean ± SD: Weight increase: ADI, DSM-IV G1: 45.8 ± 15.5 G1: 40 (81.6) Diagnostic category, n G2: 53.1 ± 15.7 G2: 53 (70.7) (%): Educational/ G1/G2: P = 0.17 Autism: cognitive/ Somnolence: G1: 32 (65.3) academic G1: 24 (49.0) G2: 49 (65.3) attainment: G2: 32 (42.7) PDD-NOS: IQ category, n (%): G1/G2: P = 0.49 G1: 13 (26.5) Average: Vomiting: G2: 22 (29.3) G1: 11 (22.5) G1: 19 (38.8) Aspergers: G2: 28 (38.4) G2: 34 (45.3) C-34
Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued) Study Inclusion/ Exclusion Baseline Description Intervention Criteria/ Population Measures Outcomes G1: 4 (8.2) Borderline: G1/G2: P = 0.47 G2: 4 (5.3) G1: 12 (24.5) Excessive saliva: Other characteristics: G2: 18 (24.7) G1: 16 (32.7) Educational placement, n Mild intellectual G2: 36 (48.0) (%): disability (ID): G1/G2: P = 0.09 Full time, regular G1: 9 (18.4) Enuresis: education: G2: 14 (19.2) G1: 16 (32.7) G1: 10 (20.4) Moderate ID: G2: 32 (42.7) G2: 18 (24.0) G1: 17 (34.7) G1/G2: P = 0.26 Full time, regular G2: 13 (17.8) Insomnia: education, with aide: G1: 24 (49.0) G1: 0 G2: 23 (30.7) G2: 3 (4.0) G1/G2: P = 0.04 Aman et al., 2009 Regular education, with Headache: (continued) some special education: G1: 18 (36.7) G1: 5 (10.2) G2: 25 (33.3) G2: 4 (5.3) G1/G2: P = 0.7 Special education Diarrhea: classroom: G1: 17 (34.7) G1: 8 (10.3) G2: 24 (32.0) G2: 14 (18.7) G1/G2: P = 0.76 Special elementary school: Constipation: G1: 3 (6.1) G1: 18 (36.7) G2: 2 (2.7) G2: 21 (28.0) Home school: G1/G2: P = 0.31 G1: 4 (8.2) Skin rash: G2: 5 (6.7) G1: 12 (24.5) Special preschool: G2: 24 (32.0) G1: 11 (22.4) G1/G2: P = 0.37 G2: 11 (14.7) Anxiety: Regular preschool: G1: 14 (28.6) G1: 6 (12.2) G2: 22 (29.3) G2: 8 (10.7) G1/G2: P = 0.93 No school: Dyspepsia: G1: 2 (4.1) G1: 9 (18.4) G2: 12 (16.0) G2: 21 (28.0) G1/G2: P = 0.22 Polydipsia: G1: 11 (22.5 G2: 17 (22.7) G1/G2: P = 0.98 Nausea: G1: 12 (24.5) G2: 15 (20.0) G1/G2: P = 0.55 Pyrexia: G1: 8 (16.3) G2: 18 (24.0) G1/G2: P = 0.3 Dry mouth: G1: 14 (28.6) G2: 11 (14.7) G1/G2: P = 0.06 Pharyngitis: G1: 9 (18.4) G2: 14 (8.7) G1/G2: P = 0.97 C-35
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Comparative Effectiveness Review Nu
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This report is based on research co
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Therapies for Children With Autism
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Figures Figure A. Analytic framewor
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Table A. Description of interventio
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Analytic Framework Figure A. Analyt
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Strength of evidence. The degree of
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epetitive behavior showed improveme
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subgroups of children, although the
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We encourage investigators to provi
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9. Remington B, Hastings RP, Kovsho
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46. Green J, Charman T, McConachie
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82. Reaven JA, Blakeley-Smith A, Ni
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120. Masi G, Cosenza A, Mucci M, et
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157. Evangeliou A, Vlachonikolis I,
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Introduction Need for Evidence for
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Interventions intended primarily to
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Table 1. Description of behavioral
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Serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Sero
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Table 3. Description of medical and
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Table 4. Description of allied heal
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Key Questions and Analytic Framewor
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Chapter 4 discusses the results in
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Methods This chapter documents proc
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• Did not present aggregated resu
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Additional behavioral interventions
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1. Did the study employ a group des
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Scoring: Studies minimally had to h
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These ratings of applicability do n
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Figure 2. Disposition of articles a
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• ABA-based approaches including
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education, children in the intensiv
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abilities. This finding is further
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Table 10. Outcomes of early intensi
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forecast behavior; perspective taki
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interaction with peers; outcome mea
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hyperactivity, inattention, challen
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Table 12. Outcomes of RCTs assessin
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Schedule for Affective Disorders an
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SCAS-P=Spence Child Anxiety Scale-P
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Summary of the literature. Jarusiew
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Table 14. Overview of educational s
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on the Ankara Developmental Screeni
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Checklist scores decreased by 8.4 f
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Table 15. Outcomes of studies asses
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evaluated the effects of risperidon
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that this somnolence improved over
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Table 17. Outcomes of RCTs of antip
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SRIs
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One prospective case series of esci
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Most participants were recruited fr
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Summary of the literature-other int
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withdrew after the first six weeks;
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therefore described separately belo
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addressed, 85 typically involves on
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In the second paper, 89 treatment s
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Table 25. Overview of CAM studies a
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Teacher and Parent Scales, behavior
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Because of the potentially increase
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Educational Interventions Child cha
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showed diminished response to escit
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oom as the other assessments, so it
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contrast group (n=18) on three meas
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and are based on consideration of f
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Few studies directly comparing the
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Strength of evidence. The strength
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While individual studies of CBT and
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Table 32. Summary of results of edu
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Table 33. Summary of results of med
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strength of this reviewed literatur
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Table 36. Intervention, strength of
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Table 37. Interventions/outcomes wi
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gains. 104 Other studies have seen
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percent of behavioral studies repor
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limited followup, lack of comparati
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individual intervention is warrante
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selecting participants for their st
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studies lacked an arm that consider
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23. Kanner L. Autistic Disturbances
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62. Dosman CF, Drmic IE, Brian JA,
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104. Ben-Itzchak E and Zachor DA. T
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142. Tyminski RF and Moore PJ. The
Page 171 and 172: 177. Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Scahill
Page 173 and 174: 214. Correia CT, Almeida JP, Santos
Page 175 and 176: 252. Akhondzadeh S, Tajdar H, Moham
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Page 179 and 180: Acronyms/Abbreviations ABA Applied
Page 181 and 182: Appendix A. Exact Search Strings an
Page 183 and 184: Table A2. PsycINFO search strategie
Page 185 and 186: Therapies for Children with Autism
Page 187 and 188: Therapies for Children with ASD Sys
Page 189 and 190: Appendix C. Evidence Tables Tables
Page 191 and 192: Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Country: US Practice setting: Clini
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Dunn-Geier et al., 2000 (continued)
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Evidence Table: Therapies for Child
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Appendix D. List of Excluded Studie
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31. Aarsland D, Cummings JL and Lar
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59. Ahearn WH, Clark KM, Gardenier
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89. Allison DB, Basile VC and MacDo
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118. Ando H, Yoshimura I and Wakaba
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146. Atkinson RP, Jenson WR, Rovner
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177. Bakare MO, Agomoh AO, Ebigbo P
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204. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allis
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233. Bebko JM, Perry A and Bryson S
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262. Bergmann F, Stepp H, Metzger R
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291. Birkan B, McClannahan LE and K
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319. Boddy F, Rowan EN, Lett D, et
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348. Bouma R and Schweitzer R. The
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376. Broadstock M, Doughty C and Eg
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404. Brudnak MA. Application of gen
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432. Buitelaar JK. Why have drug tr
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460. Butler DE, Nordin IC, L’Ital
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489. Campbell M, Locascio JJ, Choro
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517. Caronna EB, Augustyn M and Zuc
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546. Case-Smith J and Miller H. Occ
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574. Charlop MH, Burgio LD, Iwata B
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602. Cheng CW, Cho SH, Taylor M, et
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631. Cicero FR and Pfadt A. Investi
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662. Collier D and Reid G. A compar
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691. Coskun M, Karakoc S, Kircelli
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718. Cullen LA, Barlow JH and Cushw
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748. Davidovitch M, Holtzman G and
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777. DeLeon IG, Fisher WW and Marhe
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805. Devlin SD, Harber MM. Collabor
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834. Doherty K, Fitzgerald M and Ma
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863. Dudley LL, Johnson C and Barne
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893. Dybvik AC. Autism and the Incl
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924. Elder JH. In-home communicatio
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953. Erickson CA, Posey DJ, Stigler
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979. Faja S, Aylward E, Bernier R,
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1008. Ferri R, Elia M, Agarwal N, e
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1037. Fisher W, Kerbeshian J and Bu
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1066. Fragala-Pinkham M, Haley SM a
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1095. Furneaux B. Keeping the balan
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1124. Garcaa-Villamisar D, Wehman P
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1152. Ghezzi PM. Discrete Trials Te
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1180. Goin-Kochel RP, Myers BJ and
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1210. Gordon R, Handleman JS and Ha
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1239. Grimaldi BL. The central role
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1268. Guptill JT, Booker AB, Gibbs
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1296. Hamdan-Allen G. Brief report:
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1324. Hare DJ, Jones JPR and Paine
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1356. Harrison S and Berry L. Valui
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1386. Heilbrun AB, Jr., Blum N and
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1414. Hetzroni OE and Shalem U. Fro
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1443. Holburn CS. Counter the mistr
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1473. Horner RH, Carr EG, Strain PS
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1504. Hughes C, Soares-Boucaud I, H
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1533. Ijichi S and Ijichi N. Beyond
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1562. James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S,
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1591. Johnson CR, Butter EM, Handen
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1619. Joyce PR. The medical model-w
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1647. Karmali I, Greer RD, Nuzzolo-
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1673. Kelly AB, Garnett MS, Attwood
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1702. Kielinen M, Linna SL and Moil
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1731. Klin A, Lin DJ, Gorrindo P, e
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1761. Koegel RL and Frea WD. Treatm
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1790. Kolmen BK, Feldman HM, Handen
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1819. Kratochvil CJ, Findling RL, M
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1846. Lam MK and Rao N. Developing
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1874. Lattimore LP, Parsons MB and
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1903. Lee PC. Verification of a sim
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1932. Lerman DC, Vorndran C, Addiso
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1960. Licciardello CC, Harchik AE a
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1989. Liptak GS, Orlando M, Yinglin
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2015. Lorimer PA, Simpson RL, Myles
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2043. Luiselli JK, Kane A, Treml T,
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2071. MacFarlane JR and Kanaya T. W
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2099. Malone RP, Maislin G, Choudhu
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2127. Marin FZ. CAM versus nucleopl
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2157. Martineau J, Roux S, Adrien J
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2185. Matson JL and Lo Vullo SV. A
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2213. McCabe H. The Importance of P
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2240. McDougle CJ, Holmes JP, Carls
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2267. McHale SM, Olley JG, Marcus L
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2296. Merlo LJ, Lehmkuhl HD, Geffke
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2325. Minderaa RB, Anderson GM, Vol
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2354. Montgomery JM, Duncan CR and
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2385. Morrison RS, Sainato DM, Benc
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2413. Munesue T, Ono Y, Mutoh K, et
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2445. Napolitano DA, Tessing JL, Mc
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2474. Niederhofer H and Pittschiele
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2501. Nwora AJ and Gee BM. A case s
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2530. Olive ML, Lang RB and Davis T
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2559. Owens JA, Rosen CL and Mindel
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2589. Pansegrouw I and Alant E. Com
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2618. Paul C, Williams KE, Riegel K
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2646. Perry R, Nobler MS and Campbe
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2675. Piazza CC, Hagopian LP, Hughe
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2704. Poon L, Partika N and Bolman
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2734. Prizant BM. Speech-language p
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2764. Rapp JT, Vollmer TR, St. Pete
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2792. Reed P, Broomfield L, McHugh
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2819. Remington G, Sloman L, Konsta
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2849. Ringdahl JE, Kitsukawa K, And
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2877. Rogers SJ. Interventions that
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2908. Rossignol DA. Novel and emerg
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2939. Rutter M, Kreppner J, Croft C
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2967. Sandt D. Social Stories for S
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2994. Scanlon K. Art therapy with a
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3023. Schneider CK, Melmed RD, Bars
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3054. Schwartz IS, Sandall SR, Garf
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3085. Shafer MS, Egel AL and Neef N
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3115. Shipley-Benamou R, Lutzker JR
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3143. Siller M and Sigman M. The be
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3173. Smith C, Felce D, Jones E, et
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3202. Snyder A, Bossomaier T and Mi
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3230. Spero MH. The emancipation of
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3259. Stephens CE. Spontaneous imit
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3289. Strambi M, Longini M, Hayek J
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3318. Suzumura K. How an autistic b
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3346. Tager-Flusberg H and Calkins
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3376. Taylor I, O’Reilly M and La
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3407. Thunberg G, Ahlsen E and Sand
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3435. Trembath D, Balandin S, Toghe
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3464. Turner-Brown LM, Perry TD, Di
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3492. Van Der Putt R, Dineen C, Jan
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3522. Vitiello B. Recent NIMH clini
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3553. Walenski M, Mostofsky SH, Gid
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3581. Weber RC and Thorpe J. Teachi
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3610. Wheeler JJ, Baggett BA, Fox J
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3637. Williams B. Mental handicap n
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3669. Wimpory D, Chadwick P and Nas
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3698. Worth S and Reynolds S. The A
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3728. Young JM, Krantz PJ, McClanna
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3759. Zuddas A, Di Martino A, Mugli
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Appendix F. Approach to Categorizin
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APPENDIX G. Discussion of Recent Sy
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one a casein free regime. Diets wer
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outcome data as Type 6, defined as
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Yes—no disclosures to make G7 Bai
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Table G1. Characteristics of recent
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Random assignment Appropriate compa
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Study Group design Random assignmen
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APPENDIX I. Applicability Summary T
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Social skills (continued) Domain De
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Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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