Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Communication/ Communication/
Stahmer et al., Parent information • Age < 5 years
language: language:
2001
support group, 1 hr/week
Country: for 12 weeks (G1 only)
US
Parent education course
Practice on pivotal response
setting:
training (PRT), also 1
Tertiary care hr/week for 12 weeks
hospital, academic (both groups)
Intervention Assessments:
setting:
BSID, MDI, MCDI, 5-
Clinic
minute videotapes of
Enrollment parents interacting with
period:
children before and after
NR
treatment to assess
Funding: parent use of program
United Way techniques and child’s
Author industry words
• Recent ASD diagnosis MCDI, words Correct use of
• Initial diagnosis within understood, mean: PRT techniques,
the 6-month period Ga: 119
% of intervals
preceding participation in Gb: 160
scored, mean
the education program Ga/Gb: P = NS (range):
Exclusion criteria: MCDI, words G1: 75 (68-86)
• See inclusion criteria produced, mean: G2: 60 (29-78)
Age, months (range): Ga: 29
G1/G2: P < 0.05
G1: 35 (19-48)
Gb: 57
Parents met
G2: 35.6 (29-50)
Ga/Gb: P = NS criteria for
Mental age:
MCDI, communica- mastery (correct
BSID II developmental age, tive gestures, mean: use of PRT
months (range):
Ga: NR
techniques in >
G1: 51 ( 75% G1: 9
of intervals scored) G2: 6
Gb: Parents did not meet $40,000-$50,000:
criteria for mastery of PRT G1: 0
Provider:
G2: 4
• For parent education $30,000-$40,000:
content: first author G1: 0
served as parent G2: 0
educator (clinical $20,000-$30,000:
director of a hospital- G1: 1
based autism G2: 0
intervention center and $10,000-$20,000:
research scientist) G1: 1
• For information support G2: 1
group: second author Diagnostic approach:
served as group Referral
facilitator (director of a Diagnostic tool/method:
children’s hospital NR
department of Diagnostic category, n
developmental (%):
services, not formally ASD: 22 (100)
trained in PRT)
Measure of treatment
mean:
Ga: NR
Gb: NR
G2: 4
MCDI, words
understood, mean
change:
Ga: 135
Gb: 28
Ga/Gb: P < 0.01
MCDI, words
produced, mean
change:
Ga: 69
Gb: 32
Ga/Gb: P < 0.01
MCDI, communicative
gestures,
mean change:
Ga: NR*
Gb: NR*
Ga/Gb: P = NS
Words used
during videotaped
play, mean
change:
Ga: NR
Gb: NR
Ga/BL: P < 0.05
Gb/BL: P < 0.05
Ga/Gb: P = NS
Harms:
NR
Modifiers:
fidelity reported:
NR
NR
Stahmer et al., Co-interventions held Other characteristics:
2001 (continued) stable during treatment: Marital status, n:
NR
Married:
Concomitant therapies: G1: 10
NR
G2: 10
N at enrollment: Widow:
C-406