Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Inclusion/ Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/ Population Measures Outcomes
Practice Assessments:
meeting DSM criteria 82/124 (66) (0.003-14.1)
setting:
Detailed chart review to • IQ or DQ ≥ 35
Psychostimulants: G1a: 4.5 ± 4.0
Academic
Intervention
abstract treatment
information
• Age 21 and younger
Exclusion criteria:
65/124 (52)
Number of stimu-
(0.008-14.1)
G1b: 2.3 ± 2.8
setting:
Clinic
Enrollment
period:
January 1976 to
December 1997
Funding:
Grant from Mr.
and Mrs. David
and Elaine Dana
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
Retrospective
case series
Episode of treatment: • Diagnosis of Rett lants used, n (%): (0.003-6.9)
period of time subject disorder, CDD, or One:
G1a/G1b: P = 0.03
treated with specific schizophrenia prior to G1: 32 (49) Average daily
medication at specific fulfilling DSM-IV criteria Two:
dose, mg MEUs ±
dose, converted to for autism
G1: 19 (29) SD (range):
methylphenidate Age, onset of stimulant Three:
G1: 27.3 ± 7.8
equivalent units (MEUs) treatment, years (range): G1: 14 (22) (2.5-75.2)
Groups:
G1: 7.9 ± 2.9 (3.4-14.5) Total episodes of G1a: 25.4 ± 15.3
G1: stimulant medication G1a: 7.0 ± 2.5 (3.4-14.2) psychostimulant (2.5-67.3)
G2: other treatment G1b: 10.8 ± 2.4 (6.7-14.5) treatment, n: G1b: 34.1 ± 24.0
Ga: male
G1a/G1b: P < 0.001 G1: 398
(5-75.2)
Gb: female
Mental age:
Episodes of Favorable
Co-interventions held NR
psychostimulant response, n (%):
stable during treatment: Gender, n (%):
treatment, median G1: 276/398 (69)
NR
Male:
per child (range): G1a: 235/345 (68)
Frequency of contact Total: 95 (76.6)
G1: 5 (1-21) G1b: 41/53 (77)
during study:
G1: 50 (76.9)
Type of stimulant G1a/G1b: P = 0.33
NR
Female:
used, n (%): Favorable
Concomitant therapies: Total: 29 (23.4)
Methylphenidate: response by
NR
G1: 15 (23.1)
G1: 52 (80) stimulant episodes,
N at enrollment: Race/ethnicity:
G1a: 41 (82) n (%):
Total: 124
NR
G1b: 11 (73) Methylphenidate:
G1: 65
SES:
Dextroampheta- 135/195 (69)
N at follow-up:
Maternal education: NR mine:Dextroampheta-
NA
Household income: NR G1: 34 (52) mine: 105/143 (73)
Diagnostic approach: NR G1a: 29 (58) Mixed ampheta-
Diagnostic tool/method: G1b: 5 (33) mine salts: 24/41
Review of records noting Mixed ampheta- (59)
any reference to autism mine salts: Pemoline: 11/16
symptoms as per an G1: 13 (20) (69)
autism glossary developed G1a: 11 (22) Methamphetamine:
from 182 children given G1b: 2 (13) 1/3 (33)
diagnoses of autism in the Pemoline: Harms:
medical diagnosis index at G1: 11 (17) Experienced at
the Mayo Clinic. School G1a: 9 (18) least one side
and medical records of G1b: 2 (13) effect, n (%):
children with ≥ 2 symptoms Methamphetamine: G1: 43/65 (66)
noted were reviewed and G1: 2 (3) G1a: 36/50 (72)
all noted symptoms were G1a: 2 (4) G1b: 7/15 (47)
evaluated using DSM-IV G1b: 0
G1a/G1b: P =
criteria
0.069
Nickels et al.,
Diagnostic category, n
Side effects by
2008 (continued)
(%):
stimulant episodes,
Autism: 124 (100)
n (%):
Other characteristics:
Total: 67/398
Comorbid diagnoses, n
(16.8)
(%):*
Methylphenidate:
Speech/language:
31/195 (16)
Total: 96 (77)
Dextroampheta-
Epilepsy:
mine: 24/143 (17)
Total: 17 (14)
Mixed ampheta-
Cognitive impairment
mine salts: 7/41
(IQ/DQ < 70):
(17)
C-156