Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Description Intervention
Inclusion/ Exclusion
Criteria/ Population
Comments: *In the outcomes column, d is the Cohen’s d effect size estimate for mean differences.
Author:
Ludlow et al.,
2008
Country:
UK
Practice
setting:
Academic
Intervention
setting:
School
Enrollment
period:
NR
Funding:
Intervention:
Three experiments to
assess therapeutic
benefits of colored
overlays; participants
selected the best color
and side (matt or gloss)
for clarity over text and as
favorite over a blank
sheet of paper
Experiment 1 tested the
rate of reading with and
without colored overlays.
Experiment 2 compared
the rate of reading with
Inclusion criteria:
• Diagnosis of ASD
• Recruited from schools
for children with
moderate learning
difficulties with autism
units
Exclusion criteria:
• See inclusion criteria
Age, years ± SD (range):
G1: 12.3 ± 2.1 (9-15.83)
G2: 14.8 ± 8.1 (14.1-15.83)
G3: 12.3 ± 2.2 (9-15.83)
Mental age:
IQ score (Raven’s
C-153
Baseline
Measures Outcomes
(n=28; d=0.26)
G2: 62.50 ± 9.03
(n=22; d=0.31)
G1+G2/BL: P =
0.004
G1/G2: P = 0.887
BASC withdrawal
score, teacher rated,
mean ± SD:
G1: 55.46 ± 10.11
(n=28; d=0.04)
G2: 56.56 ± 9.44
(d=0.41)
G1+G2/BL: P =
0.036
G1/G2: P = 0.028
Communication/
language:
DANVA2 score,
mean ± SD:
Child faces:
G1: 87.11 ± 22.37
(n=18; d=-0.17)
G2: 89.22 ± 15.16
(n=18; d=-0.21)
G1+G2/BL: P =
0.07
G1/G2: P = 0.963
Adult faces:
G1: 101.39 ± 15.55
(n=18; d=-0.06)
G2: 94.06 ± 13.86
(n=18; d=-0.25)
G1+G2/BL: P =
0.166
G1/G2: P = 0.521
Harms:
NR
Modifiers:
See above
Communication
/language:
BPVS score,
mean ± SD:
G1: 64.5 ± 11.2
G2: 59.6 ± 5.3
G3: NR
Communication/
language:
Experiment 1:
Symptoms of visual
stress, mean ± SD:
G1a: 0.06 ± 0.24
G1c: 0.39 ± 0.78
G1a/G1c: P < 0.05
Words read per
minute, mean ± SD:
G1a: 96.9 ± 33.7
G1c: 83.2 ± 32.3
G1a/G1c: P < 0.001
Experiment 2:
Words read per