Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD (continued)
Study
Inclusion/ Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/ Population Measures Outcomes
setting:
class (class size was • Not currently prescribed G1: 36.3 ± 12.2 score, follow-up
School and home usually 10). Each training any psychotropic PHS popularity group, mean ±
Enrollment class was composed of medication
score, mean ± SD: SD:
period:
September 2003
to March 2008
Funding:
NIH
Author industry
relationship
disclosures:
NR
Design:
Case series
children separated by no • Verbal IQ > 60 G1: 7.2 ± 3.0 Post-treatment:
more than one grade • Able to switch topics in G2: 6.8 ± 3.00 G1: 31.6 ± 8.1
level. Study children were conversation when the PHS popularity 12 weeks:
not identified in any way other person was score, follow-up G1: 33.0 ± 13.7
to other class participants. interested in talking group, mean ± SD: G1/BL: P = NS
Treatment consisted of about something else G1: 6.9 ± 3.0 G1/PT: P = NS
12 weekly sessions, each • Had adequate
Quality of Play PHS popularity
60 minutes in length. knowledge of rules in Questionnaire score, mean ±
Children and their parents playing at least two score, mean ± SD: SD:
were seen concurrently in common age-
Host:
G1: 8.0 ± 2.8
separate locations (except appropriate board G1: 2.4 ± 2.2 G2: 6.4 ± 2.9
for the finalization of the games
G2: 1.8 ± 2.3 (n=29) G1/G2: P < 0.025
child’s homework • Knowledge of rules to Guest:
PHS popularity
assignment). Each child play common school G1: 1.3 ± 1.6 score, follow-up
session (except the first yard games
G2: 1.1 ± 2.0 (n=29) group, mean ±
and last) was composed
• Absence of a thought Conflict:
SD:
of four segments:
disorder
G1: 4.8 ± 4.2 Post-treatment:
• Children reported the
• Free of clinical seizure
G2: 5.1 ± 5.2 (n=27) G1: 7.9 ± 2.7
results of their home-
disorder, gross neuro-
Engage:
12 weeks:
work assignment
logic disease, or other
G1: 4.2 ± 2.2 G1: 7.4 ± 2.8
(10 minutes)
medical disorders
G2: 4.3 ± 2.1 (n=27) G1/BL: P = NS
• Didactic presentation Exclusion criteria:
Disengage: G1/PT: P = NS
and brief, coached
G1: 5.2 ± 2.5 Quality of Play
• See inclusion criteria
behavioral rehearsal
G2: 5.2 ± 2.2 (n=27) Questionnaire
Age, months ± SD:
between two children
Quality of Play score, mean ±
G1: 103.2 ± 15.2
(20 minutes)
Questionnaire SD:
G2: 101.5 ± 15.0
• Coached play in which
score, follow-up Host:
Mental age:
children practiced
group, mean ± SD: G1: 3.7 ± 1.7
WISC-III Verbal IQ, mean ±
newly learned skills (25
Host:
G2: 1.4 ± 2.0
SD:
minutes)
G1: 2.0 ± 2.1 (n=29)
G1: 106.9 ± 19.1
• Parents and children
Guest:
G1/G2: P <
G2: 100.5 ± 15.7
were reunited and
G1: 1.4 ± 1.7 0.0001
Gender, n (%):
finalized homework
Conflict:
Male:
contracts.
G1: 4.3 ± 3.3
G1: 30 (85.7)
Number of sessions G2: 28 (84.8)
attended, mean ± SD:
G1: 11.3 ± 0.8
G2: 10.7 ± 1.9
Frankel et al., Homework required social Female:
Engage:
Guest:
2010
contacts with children who G1: 5 (14.3)
G1: 3.8 ± 2.1 G1: 2.0 ± 2.5
(continued) were not class members G2: 5 (15.2)
Disengage: G2: 1.2 ± 1.5
Assessments:
Race/ethnicity, n (%): G1: 5.2 ± 2.3 (n=29)
Children/parents in the White: 45 (66.2)
SSRS score, mean G1/G2: P = NS
intervention group Asian: 10 (14.7)
± SD:
Conflict:
completed outcome African American: 7 (10.3) Assertion:
G1: 1.9 ± 2.8
measures at baseline (just Hispanic: 4 (5.9)
G1: 9.5 ± 2.8 G2: 3.3 ± 3.2
prior to receiving the Pacific Islander: 1 (1.4) G2: 9.4 ± 3.4 (n=29)
intervention), the last Native American: 1 (1.4) Self-control: G1/G2: P = 0.069
night of the intervention, SES:
G1: 10.2 ± 3.4 Engage:
and at 12 week follow-up; Hollingshead index, mean G2: 9.0 ± 3.9 G1: 4.7 ± 2.2
waitlist controls completed ± SD:
Externalizing: G2: 4.3 ± 1.7
outcome measures at G1: 44.6 ± 10.6
G1: 4.5 ± 2.6 (n=29)
baseline, 12 weeks later G2: 50.6 ± 11.8 (n=32) G2: 5.4 ± 2.3 G1/G2: P = NS
just prior to starting the Household income: NR Internalizing: Disengage:
C-6