Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD Study Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline Description Intervention Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes Author: Intervention: Inclusion criteria: Overall ratings: Overall ratings: Molloy et al., IV Synthetic Human • 2-15 years of age CARS score, mean CARS score, 2002 Secretin (2IU/kg at the • Autism criteria met as ± SD: week 12, mean ± Country: first visit, followed by per DSM-IV following a G1: 40.2 ± 5 SD: US equal volume of saline multidisciplinary G2: 39.2 ± 5.6 G1: 40.2 ± 4.9 Practice placebo at week 6); other evaluation G1/G2: P = NS G2: 38.6 ± 5 setting: group in the reverse order • Diagnosis by GARS autism G1/BL: P = NS Academic developmental quotient, mean ± G1/BL: P = NS Intervention Assessments: pediatrician if from SD: G1/G2: P = NS setting: Participants evaluated on outside this center G1: 102 ± 7.9 GARS autism Clinic 5 occasions: baseline Exclusion criteria: G2: 98.6 ± 9.2 quotient week 12, Enrollment prior to first infusion, week • Chromosomal/genetic G1/G2: P = NS mean ± SD: period: 3, week 6 prior to cross- disorders Communication/ G1: 98.1 ± 8.4 NR over infusion, & weeks 9 • Structural abnormality on language: G2: 94.9 ± 8.3 Funding: and 12; each evaluation neuroimaging Merrill-Palmer scale, G1/BL: P = NS NIH took place in same room • Acute or chronic mean ± SD: G1/BL: P = NS Author industry & included CARS, GARS, pancreatic disease G1: 22.1 ± 28.5 G1/G2: P = NS relationship & DTVP or selected tests G2: 30.1 ± 34.6 Communication/ • Any medical condition disclosures: of MPS all administered that makes participation G1/G2: P = NS language: NR by a clinical psychologist unsafe Mullen receptive Merrill-Palmer Design: Parents completed ABC Age, months ± SD: language score, scale, week 12, RCT (double-blind and the Autism Behavior G1: 83.5 ± 32.4 mean ± SD: mean ± SD: cross-over trial) Checklist, which were G2: 80.7 ± 30.7 G1: 18.3 ± 10.5 G1: 29.5 ± 39.6 interpreted by the clinical Mental age: G2: 18.5 ± 11.5 G2: 40.1 ± 34.8 psychologist; parents G1/G2: P = NS G1/BL: P = NS NR were asked about stool Gender, n (%): PPVT score, mean G1/BL: P = NS patterns at each visit, as Male: ± SD: G1/G2: P = NS well as inter-current G1: 17 (89.5) G1: 10 ± 22.4 Mullen receptive illnesses, medical prob- G2: 20 (87) G2: 13.3 ± 25.1 language score, lems and medications, G1/G2: P = NS Female: week 12, mean ± and adverse events G1: 2 (10) Utterance, mean SD: Receptive language skills G2: 3 (13) length ± SD: G1: 19.5 ± 10.4 evaluated by team of two Race/ethnicity, n (%): G1: 1.10 ± 1.09 G2: 21.1 ± 11 speech & language G2: 1.06 ± 1.04 G1/BL: P = NS Caucasian: pathologists using PPVT- G1: 15 (79) G1/G2: P = NS G1/BL: P = NS III & Receptive Language G2: 17 (74) Type token ratio, G1/G2: P = NS Scale of MSEL SES: mean ± SD: PPVT score, Expressive language G1: 0.42 ± 0.41 Maternal education: NR week 12, mean ± abilities assessed at each Household income: NR G2: 0.45 ± 0.41 SD: visit using 15-minute Diagnostic approach: G1/G2: P = NS G1: 14.2 ± 24.1 videotaped sample of In study G2: 16.9 ± 27.3 spontaneous language Diagnostic tool/method: G1/BL: P = NS during play with caregiver DSM-IV G1/BL: P = NS Clinical lab evaluation Diagnostic category, n G1/G2: P = NS obtained before each (%): Utterance, week infusion and at week 12 Autism: 42 (100%) 12, mean length ± Groups: PDD-NOS: NR SD: G1: secretin first, followed Aspergers : NR G1: 0.82 ± 1.11 by placebo Other characteristics: G2: 0.94 ± 1.07 G2: placebo first, followed G1/BL: P = NS NR by secretin G1/BL: P = NS G1/G2: P = NS Molloy et al., Co-interventions held Type token ratio, 2002 (continued) stable during treatment: week 12, mean ± NR SD: Frequency of contact G1: 0.22 ± 0.31 during study: G2: 0.31 ± 0.3 C-380
Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD Study Inclusion/Exclusion Description Intervention Evaluated at weeks 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 Concomitant therapies: NR N at enrollment: G1: 23 G2: 19 N at follow-up: G1: 23 (one participant did not return for the final visit) G2: 19 Criteria/Population C-381 Baseline Measures Outcomes G1/BL: P = NS G1/BL: P = NS G1/G2: P = NS Harms, n: Worsening of constipation: 1 Elevated AST levels at the first visit: 6 Transient AST elevation: 5 Elevated amylase/ lipase: 3 Modifiers: Age and secretin response (data NR)
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Comparative Effectiveness Review Nu
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This report is based on research co
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Therapies for Children With Autism
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Figures Figure A. Analytic framewor
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Table A. Description of interventio
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Analytic Framework Figure A. Analyt
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Strength of evidence. The degree of
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epetitive behavior showed improveme
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subgroups of children, although the
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We encourage investigators to provi
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9. Remington B, Hastings RP, Kovsho
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46. Green J, Charman T, McConachie
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82. Reaven JA, Blakeley-Smith A, Ni
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120. Masi G, Cosenza A, Mucci M, et
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157. Evangeliou A, Vlachonikolis I,
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Introduction Need for Evidence for
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Interventions intended primarily to
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Table 1. Description of behavioral
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Serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Sero
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Table 3. Description of medical and
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Table 4. Description of allied heal
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Key Questions and Analytic Framewor
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Chapter 4 discusses the results in
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Methods This chapter documents proc
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• Did not present aggregated resu
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Additional behavioral interventions
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1. Did the study employ a group des
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Scoring: Studies minimally had to h
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These ratings of applicability do n
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Figure 2. Disposition of articles a
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• ABA-based approaches including
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education, children in the intensiv
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abilities. This finding is further
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Table 10. Outcomes of early intensi
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forecast behavior; perspective taki
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interaction with peers; outcome mea
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hyperactivity, inattention, challen
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Table 12. Outcomes of RCTs assessin
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Schedule for Affective Disorders an
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SCAS-P=Spence Child Anxiety Scale-P
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Summary of the literature. Jarusiew
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Table 14. Overview of educational s
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on the Ankara Developmental Screeni
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Checklist scores decreased by 8.4 f
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Table 15. Outcomes of studies asses
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evaluated the effects of risperidon
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that this somnolence improved over
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Table 17. Outcomes of RCTs of antip
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SRIs
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One prospective case series of esci
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Most participants were recruited fr
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Dietary and Other Medical Intervent
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Summary of the literature-other int
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withdrew after the first six weeks;
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therefore described separately belo
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addressed, 85 typically involves on
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In the second paper, 89 treatment s
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Table 25. Overview of CAM studies a
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Teacher and Parent Scales, behavior
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Because of the potentially increase
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Educational Interventions Child cha
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showed diminished response to escit
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oom as the other assessments, so it
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contrast group (n=18) on three meas
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and are based on consideration of f
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Few studies directly comparing the
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Strength of evidence. The strength
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While individual studies of CBT and
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Table 32. Summary of results of edu
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Table 33. Summary of results of med
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strength of this reviewed literatur
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Table 36. Intervention, strength of
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Table 37. Interventions/outcomes wi
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gains. 104 Other studies have seen
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percent of behavioral studies repor
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limited followup, lack of comparati
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individual intervention is warrante
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selecting participants for their st
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studies lacked an arm that consider
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23. Kanner L. Autistic Disturbances
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62. Dosman CF, Drmic IE, Brian JA,
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104. Ben-Itzchak E and Zachor DA. T
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142. Tyminski RF and Moore PJ. The
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177. Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Scahill
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214. Correia CT, Almeida JP, Santos
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252. Akhondzadeh S, Tajdar H, Moham
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290. Dawson G, Rogers S, Munson J,
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Acronyms/Abbreviations ABA Applied
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Appendix A. Exact Search Strings an
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Table A2. PsycINFO search strategie
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Therapies for Children with Autism
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Therapies for Children with ASD Sys
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Appendix C. Evidence Tables Tables
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Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Page 517 and 518: Evidence Table. Therapies for child
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Page 599 and 600: Dunn-Geier et al., 2000 (continued)
Page 601 and 602: Evidence Table: Therapies for Child
Page 607 and 608: Appendix D. List of Excluded Studie
Page 609 and 610: 31. Aarsland D, Cummings JL and Lar
Page 611 and 612: 59. Ahearn WH, Clark KM, Gardenier
Page 613 and 614: 89. Allison DB, Basile VC and MacDo
Page 615 and 616: 118. Ando H, Yoshimura I and Wakaba
Page 617 and 618: 146. Atkinson RP, Jenson WR, Rovner
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177. Bakare MO, Agomoh AO, Ebigbo P
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204. Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allis
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233. Bebko JM, Perry A and Bryson S
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262. Bergmann F, Stepp H, Metzger R
Page 627 and 628:
291. Birkan B, McClannahan LE and K
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319. Boddy F, Rowan EN, Lett D, et
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348. Bouma R and Schweitzer R. The
Page 633 and 634:
376. Broadstock M, Doughty C and Eg
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404. Brudnak MA. Application of gen
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432. Buitelaar JK. Why have drug tr
Page 639 and 640:
460. Butler DE, Nordin IC, L’Ital
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489. Campbell M, Locascio JJ, Choro
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517. Caronna EB, Augustyn M and Zuc
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546. Case-Smith J and Miller H. Occ
Page 647 and 648:
574. Charlop MH, Burgio LD, Iwata B
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602. Cheng CW, Cho SH, Taylor M, et
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631. Cicero FR and Pfadt A. Investi
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662. Collier D and Reid G. A compar
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691. Coskun M, Karakoc S, Kircelli
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718. Cullen LA, Barlow JH and Cushw
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748. Davidovitch M, Holtzman G and
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777. DeLeon IG, Fisher WW and Marhe
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805. Devlin SD, Harber MM. Collabor
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834. Doherty K, Fitzgerald M and Ma
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863. Dudley LL, Johnson C and Barne
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893. Dybvik AC. Autism and the Incl
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924. Elder JH. In-home communicatio
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953. Erickson CA, Posey DJ, Stigler
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979. Faja S, Aylward E, Bernier R,
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1008. Ferri R, Elia M, Agarwal N, e
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1037. Fisher W, Kerbeshian J and Bu
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1066. Fragala-Pinkham M, Haley SM a
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1095. Furneaux B. Keeping the balan
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1124. Garcaa-Villamisar D, Wehman P
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1152. Ghezzi PM. Discrete Trials Te
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1180. Goin-Kochel RP, Myers BJ and
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1210. Gordon R, Handleman JS and Ha
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1239. Grimaldi BL. The central role
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1268. Guptill JT, Booker AB, Gibbs
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1296. Hamdan-Allen G. Brief report:
Page 699 and 700:
1324. Hare DJ, Jones JPR and Paine
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1356. Harrison S and Berry L. Valui
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1386. Heilbrun AB, Jr., Blum N and
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1414. Hetzroni OE and Shalem U. Fro
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1443. Holburn CS. Counter the mistr
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1473. Horner RH, Carr EG, Strain PS
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1504. Hughes C, Soares-Boucaud I, H
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1533. Ijichi S and Ijichi N. Beyond
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1562. James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S,
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1591. Johnson CR, Butter EM, Handen
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1619. Joyce PR. The medical model-w
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1647. Karmali I, Greer RD, Nuzzolo-
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1673. Kelly AB, Garnett MS, Attwood
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1702. Kielinen M, Linna SL and Moil
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1731. Klin A, Lin DJ, Gorrindo P, e
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1761. Koegel RL and Frea WD. Treatm
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1790. Kolmen BK, Feldman HM, Handen
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1819. Kratochvil CJ, Findling RL, M
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1846. Lam MK and Rao N. Developing
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1874. Lattimore LP, Parsons MB and
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1903. Lee PC. Verification of a sim
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1932. Lerman DC, Vorndran C, Addiso
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1960. Licciardello CC, Harchik AE a
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1989. Liptak GS, Orlando M, Yinglin
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2015. Lorimer PA, Simpson RL, Myles
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2043. Luiselli JK, Kane A, Treml T,
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2071. MacFarlane JR and Kanaya T. W
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2099. Malone RP, Maislin G, Choudhu
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2127. Marin FZ. CAM versus nucleopl
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2157. Martineau J, Roux S, Adrien J
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2185. Matson JL and Lo Vullo SV. A
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2213. McCabe H. The Importance of P
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2240. McDougle CJ, Holmes JP, Carls
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2267. McHale SM, Olley JG, Marcus L
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2296. Merlo LJ, Lehmkuhl HD, Geffke
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2325. Minderaa RB, Anderson GM, Vol
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2354. Montgomery JM, Duncan CR and
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2385. Morrison RS, Sainato DM, Benc
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2413. Munesue T, Ono Y, Mutoh K, et
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2445. Napolitano DA, Tessing JL, Mc
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2474. Niederhofer H and Pittschiele
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2501. Nwora AJ and Gee BM. A case s
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2530. Olive ML, Lang RB and Davis T
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2559. Owens JA, Rosen CL and Mindel
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2589. Pansegrouw I and Alant E. Com
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2618. Paul C, Williams KE, Riegel K
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2646. Perry R, Nobler MS and Campbe
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2675. Piazza CC, Hagopian LP, Hughe
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2704. Poon L, Partika N and Bolman
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2734. Prizant BM. Speech-language p
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2764. Rapp JT, Vollmer TR, St. Pete
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2792. Reed P, Broomfield L, McHugh
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2819. Remington G, Sloman L, Konsta
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2849. Ringdahl JE, Kitsukawa K, And
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2877. Rogers SJ. Interventions that
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2908. Rossignol DA. Novel and emerg
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2939. Rutter M, Kreppner J, Croft C
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2967. Sandt D. Social Stories for S
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2994. Scanlon K. Art therapy with a
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3023. Schneider CK, Melmed RD, Bars
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3054. Schwartz IS, Sandall SR, Garf
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3085. Shafer MS, Egel AL and Neef N
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3115. Shipley-Benamou R, Lutzker JR
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3143. Siller M and Sigman M. The be
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3173. Smith C, Felce D, Jones E, et
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3202. Snyder A, Bossomaier T and Mi
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3230. Spero MH. The emancipation of
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3259. Stephens CE. Spontaneous imit
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3289. Strambi M, Longini M, Hayek J
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3318. Suzumura K. How an autistic b
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3346. Tager-Flusberg H and Calkins
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3376. Taylor I, O’Reilly M and La
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3407. Thunberg G, Ahlsen E and Sand
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3435. Trembath D, Balandin S, Toghe
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3464. Turner-Brown LM, Perry TD, Di
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3492. Van Der Putt R, Dineen C, Jan
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3522. Vitiello B. Recent NIMH clini
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3553. Walenski M, Mostofsky SH, Gid
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3581. Weber RC and Thorpe J. Teachi
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3610. Wheeler JJ, Baggett BA, Fox J
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3637. Williams B. Mental handicap n
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3669. Wimpory D, Chadwick P and Nas
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3698. Worth S and Reynolds S. The A
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3728. Young JM, Krantz PJ, McClanna
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3759. Zuddas A, Di Martino A, Mugli
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Appendix F. Approach to Categorizin
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APPENDIX G. Discussion of Recent Sy
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one a casein free regime. Diets wer
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outcome data as Type 6, defined as
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Yes—no disclosures to make G7 Bai
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Table G1. Characteristics of recent
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Random assignment Appropriate compa
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Study Group design Random assignmen
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APPENDIX I. Applicability Summary T
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Social skills (continued) Domain De
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Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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