Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Overall ratings: Overall ratings:
Reed et al., High-intensity ABA vs. • Age 2.5-4 years at start GARS autism GARS autism
2007
low-intensity ABA
of study
quotient, mean ± quotient, mean
Country: High-intensity intervention • At start of intervention SD:
change ± SD:
UK
offered home-based • Received no other major G1: 89.1 ± 14.7 G1: -2.2 ± 7.8
Practice mostly 1:1 training interventions during the G1a: 93.0 ± 19.9 G2: 1.6; ± 6.2
setting:
between 20-40 hours per assessment period G1b: 87.6 ± 11.1 G1/BL: P = NS
Academic week (mean 30.4 hours); • Diagnosed with ASD G1c: 87.4 ± 16.1 G2/BL: P = NS
Intervention approaches included: Exclusion criteria: G2: 95.1 ± 11.6 G1/G2: P = NS
setting:
• Lovaas (discrete-trial • See inclusion criteria Adaptive Behavior: Adaptive
Home
reinforcement-based) Age, months ± SD: VABS composite behavior:
Enrollment • Verbal behavior G1: 42.9 ± 14.8
score, mean ± SD: VABS composite
period:
(discrete-trial focused G1a: 47.5 ± 13.5 G1: 59.3 ± 10.1 score, mean
NR
on developmental of G1b: 38.0 ± 9.9
G1a: 59.8 ± 16.7 change (ES**):
Funding:
verbal responses) G1c: 44.2 ± 20.5 G1b: 58.2 ± 6.5 G1: NR*
South East Region • CABAS-based G2: 40.8 ± 5.6
G1c: 60.0 ± 8.6 G1a: NR* (0.03)
Special Education (combination of ABA Mental age:
G2: 56.5 ± 4.4 G1b: NR* (0.18)
Needs Partnership technologies, stresses See baseline measures Educational/ G1c: NR* (0.53)
Author industry importance of learn- Gender, n (%):
cognitive/ G2: NR*
relationship units)
Male:
academic G1/BL: P = NS
disclosures: Each session lasted 2-3 G1: 14 (100)
attainment: G1a/BL: P = NS
NR
hours.
G2: 13 (100)
PEP-R overall G1b/BL: P = NS
Design: Low-intensity intervention Female:
score, mean ± SD: G1c/BL: P = NS
Non randomized offered training between G1: 0
G1: 57.2 ± 17.8 G2/BL: P = NS
controlled trial 10-20 hours per week G2: 0
G1a: 58.0 ± 30.7 G1/G2: P = NS
(mean 12.6 hours) using Race/ethnicity:
G1b: 50.2 ± 7.7 G1a/G1b/G1c: P
similar procedures as NR
G1c: 63.6 ± 12.4 = NS
described in high-intensity SES:
G2: 49.3 ± 13.2 Educational/
intervention with up to Maternal education: NR BAS cognitive ability cognitive/
four 3-hour home based Household income: NR score, mean ± SD: academic
direct 1:1 teaching Diagnostic approach: G1: 60.1 ± 22.4 attainment:
sessions each week. NR
G1a: 72.0 ± 30.6 PEP-R overall
Assessments:
Diagnostic tool/method: G1b: 48.0 ± 4.6 score, mean
Blinded educational NR
G1c: 62.8 ± 23.9 change (ES**):
psychologist administered Diagnostic category: G2: 52.4 ± 9.9 G1: NR*
BAS and PEP-R. NR
G1a: NR* (0.91)
Parent completed VABS Other characteristics:
G1b: NR* (0.82)
and GARS measures pre- NR
G1c: NR* (1.11)
and post-treatment (9-10
G2: NR*
months)
G1/BL: P < 0.01
Groups:
G1a/BL: P < 0.05
G1: high-intensity
G1b/BL: P = NS
G2: low-intensity
G1c/BL: P < 0.05
Ga: Lovaas
G2/BL: P = NS
Gb: verbal behavior
G1/G2: P = NS
Gc: CABAS
G1a/G1b/G1c: P
< 0.05
Reed et al., Provider:
BAS cognitive
2007 (continued) High-intensity programs
ability score,
were supervised by tutors
mean change
trained in the approach
(ES**):
who provided supervision
G1: NR*
on average of once every
G1a: NR* (0.58)
two weeks; low intensity
G1b: NR* (3.74)
was provided by trained
G1c: NR* (3.74)
assistants
G2: NR*
Measure of treatment
G1/BL: P < 0.01
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