Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Evidence Table. Therapies for children with ASD
Study
Inclusion/Exclusion Baseline
Description Intervention
Criteria/Population Measures Outcomes
Author:
Intervention:
Inclusion criteria: Social skills: Overall:
Kroeger et al., In both interventions • 4-6 years old
Number of initiating Parent satis-
2007
Country:
US
(direct teaching and play
activities), the child
participates for a total of
• Diagnosed with Autistic
disorder
Exclusion criteria:
behaviors:
G1: NR*
G2: NR*
faction rating,
mean:
G1: 5.69
Practice 15 hours in 15 group • Other autism spectrum G1/G2: P = NS
setting:
sessions, which include: disorders (i.e. Asperger’s Number of respon-
Academic • Beginning and ending disorder, Rett’s disorder, ding behaviors:
Intervention circle times
childhood disintegrative G1: NR*
setting:
• Visual schedules during disorder, and pervasive G2: NR*
Clinic
each session to
developmental disorder, G1/G2: P = NS
Enrollment transition activities NOS)
Number of inter-
period:
• 2:1 student to facilitator Age, months ± SD: acting behaviors:
NR
ratio
G1: 65.00 ± 12.25 G1: NR*
Funding: • Secondary (social) G2: 61.42 ± 9.15 G2: NR*
Xavier
reinforcement for Mental age:
G1/G2: P = NS
University
prosocial behaviors NR
Mentoring and • Behavior management Gender, n:
Project Chair for inappropriate Male:
Award, Autism behaviors
G1: 9
Society of Greater
• Introduction of identical G2: 11
Cincinnati Student
toys and materials Female:
Researcher Grant
commensurate with the G1: 4
Design:
video modeling G2: 1
RCT
curriculum
Race/ethnicity, n:
In the direct teaching Caucasian:
intervention, children G1: 9
participated in the video G2: 12
modeling curriculum and African American:
received primary (edible) G1: 4
rein-forcement during the G2: 0
course of the video SES:
modeling
Maternal education: NR
In the play activities Household income: NR
intervention, children Diagnostic approach:
engaged in supervised Referral
free play during the Diagnostic tool/method:
middle portion of the By developmental
session instead of video pediatrician following
modeling
routine multidisciplinary
Assessments:
assessment: parent and a
Parent satisfaction variety of autism and
survey; Social Interaction developmental standar-
Observation Code dized assessments
videotape data
conducted by corre-
Groups:
sponding professionals
G1: direct teaching Diagnostic category, n
G2: play activities (%):
Provider:
Autism: 25 (100)
Group supervisor and
facilitators
G2: 5.67
G1/G2: P = NS
Social skills:
Number of
initiating
behaviors:
G1: NR*
G2: NR*
ANOVA: time (P =
0.001), treatment
(0.020) η 2 = 0.215
Number of
responding
behaviors:
G1: NR*
G2: NR*
ANOVA: time (P =
0.005), treatment
(P = 0.003) η 2 =
0.328
Number of interacting
behaviors:
G1: NR*
G2: NR*
ANOVA: time (P =
0.002), treatment
(P = 0.006); η 2 =
0.288
Harms:
NR
Modifiers:
NR
Kroeger et al., Mean # of sessions Other characteristics:
2007 (continued) attended:
GARS score, mean ± SD:
G1: 14.08
G1: 92.15 ± 15.24
G2: 14.42
G2: 92.58 ± 9.66
Measure of treatment G1/G2: P = NS
fidelity reported: Non-verbal
C-224