Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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48 The Sky-Pillar in the ^Minoan' area Fig. 19. shield and spear, and a double axe descending side by side towards the earth-goddess and her maidens from a wavy track, which crosses Fig, 20.
The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area 49 the sky and probably represents the Milky Way^ Another large gold signet from Knossos (fig. 19)^ shows a god with a spear carried in his right hand and rays of light (?)^ darting from his shoulders as he descends from a tall tapering pillar towards a female worshipper. That the shield-bearing deity of the first ring is to be identified with the rayed god of the second ring, appears from a third representation on a painted Idrnax found at Miletos {Mi/ato) in Crete (fig. 20)\ which gives him both shield and rays(?). It can hardly be doubted ^ Opinions have differed as to the interpretation of this wayy band : see e.g. C. Schuchhardt Schlieinann^s Excavations trans. E. Sellers London 1891 p. -277 ('probably. ..the sea'), Collignon Hist, de la Sculpt, gr. \. 46 ('sans doute la mer'), Perrot Chipiez Hist, de VArt vi. 841 (' peut-etre la mer'), Ch. Tsountas— J. I. Manatt The Mycenaean Age London 1897 p. 298 ('the cloud-canopy'), Furtvvangler Ant. Gemmen ii. 10 ('die Andeulung des Himmelsoceans, des Okeanos (oder der Wolken?)'). Milani Stud, e mat. di arch, c num. 1899— 1901 i. 196 fig. 27 says 'la via lattea,' and Harrison Themis p. 168 fig. 36 'Milky Way,'—rightly, as I conceive. It should be noticed that both the goddess and her maidens wear lilies in their hair {supra i. 623), and that the milk-white lily was supposed by the later Greeks to have originated from the Milky Way (supra i. 624). A somewhat analogous design occurs on a gold ring found in a tomb of the Late ' Minoan ' ii period at Isopata in Crete : four females dance in a field of lilies, while a diminutive goddess descends towards them from a wavy line apparently betokening the sky (fig. 21 (x) after Sir A. J. Evans in Archaeologia 1913— 1914 Ixv. 10 fig. 16). Cp. also another gold ring from a tomb in the lower town at Mykenai, now at Athens (Stais Coll. Mychiicnnc: Atlienes p. 71 f no. 3179 fig., H. Fritze in the Strcna Helbigiatia p. 73 fig. I, Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i pi. 6, 3, ii. 25 fig.. Sir A. J. Journ. Hell. Stud. 1901 xxi. 1 76 ff. fig. 53, Harrison 7'heinis p. 166 fig. 34). Evans in the 2 Procured by Sir A. J. Evans from the site of Knossos and by him published, to a scale off, in iht Journ. Hell. Stud. 1901 xxi. 170 ff. fig. 48. ^ So Sir A. J. Evans loc. cit. But in Archaeologia 1906 lix. 100, ib. 1913— 1914 Ixv. 1 1 he retracts this interpretation, and now suggests that the rapid descent of the divinity is indicated by long locks of hair flying out on either side. In view of the very similar representations of the Babylonian Samas [supra i. 553 n. 5) nation. I prefer the former expla- * Found by Sir A. J. Evans in 1899 within a chambered tomb at Milato and by him published in X\\e Journ. Hell. Stud. 1901 xxi. 174 f. fig. 50. C. II. A
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'^ff' ]"W, ':'.'} :'.' !:; ii;:i;;l
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ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGION VO
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V ^ ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGIO
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viii Preface worth putting into a b
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X Preface willing to devote themsel
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xii Preface Prof. R. C. Bosanquet,
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xiv Preface illustration of Volume
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XVI Contents iv. Zeus and Dionysos
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XVlll Contents PART II Appendix A.
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XX List of Plates to face PLATE pag
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ABBREVIATIONS This List of Abbrevia
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Abbreviations xxv and Lesbos 1894 b
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Abbreviations xxix i (Alpes Maritim
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Abbreviations xxxi Antiken Bildiver
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Abbreviations xxxiii Inscr. Gr. Del
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Abbreviations xxxv L. Meyer //andd.
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Abbreviations xxxvii iii Die Bildwe
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Abbreviations xxxix i^xi (Tomi i—
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Abbreviations xli Sitzzifigsber. d.
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Abbreviations xliii Welcker Gr. Goi
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2 Zeus lightens, thunders, rains, e
Page 52 and 53: 4 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Peo
Page 54 and 55: 6 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Mag
Page 56 and 57: 8 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' reg
Page 58 and 59: I o The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' p
Page 60 and 61: 12 Zeus Keraunos zoistic stage was
Page 62 and 63: i^. Zeus Kataibdtes a learned treat
Page 64 and 65: 1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes Som
Page 66 and 67: 1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes mem
Page 68 and 69: 20 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes th
Page 70 and 71: 22 The Zeus-struck man in Elysium w
Page 72: 24 Death by lightning as euthanasia
Page 75: ;eum : Zeus in pursuit of Semele. S
Page 79 and 80: Death by lightning as euthanasia 25
Page 81 and 82: Death by lightning as euthanasia 27
Page 83 and 84: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 85 and 86: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 87 and 88: » Zoroastres 33 of the Rufinian mo
Page 89 and 90: Zoroastres 3 5 statement in a somew
Page 91 and 92: The Elysian Way 37 Again, in an equ
Page 93 and 94: The Elysian Way 39 There is a road
Page 95 and 96: The Elysian Way 41 ignored by them
Page 97 and 98: The Elysian Way 43 Way'. Again, Emp
Page 99 and 100: The Sky-Pillar in Italy 45 facilita
Page 101: The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
Page 105 and 106: The Irminsul 51 (in Marti TJiingso^
Page 107 and 108: The Irminsul 53 the sign and symbol
Page 109 and 110: The Irmi7tsul 55 witness to the ter
Page 111 and 112: lupiter-Columns 57 vehicle of the s
Page 113 and 114: lupiter-Columns 59 Seasons, the qua
Page 115 and 116: lupiter-Columns 6i children with a
Page 117 and 118: lupiter-Coiumns 63 with his club is
Page 119 and 120: lupiter-Columns 65 Minerva is Holda
Page 121 and 122: lupiter-Columns 67 This hypothesis,
Page 123 and 124: lupiter-Columns 69 possibly it symb
Page 125 and 126: lupiter-Columns 71 occupied either
Page 127 and 128: n M Fig- 31- lupiter-Columns 73 Fig
Page 129 and 130: lupiter-Columns 75 barbaric head an
Page 131: The Jupiter-Column of Saverne. Plat
Page 134 and 135: 78 lupiter-Columns spokes as he rea
Page 136 and 137: 8o lupiter-Columns sometimes has as
Page 138 and 139: 82 lupiter-Columns So far, then, we
Page 140 and 141: 84 lupiter-Columns is preceded by a
Page 142 and 143: 86 lupiter-Columns a flash of light
Page 144 and 145: 8 8 lupiter-Columns PreserverV in a
Page 146 and 147: 90 lupiter-Columns ascending order
Page 148: 92 lupiter-Columns {le Bourg d'Angs
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The Column of Mayence 93 oak at Rem
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The Column of Mayence 95 and Minerv
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The Column of Mayence 97 lower drum
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The Column of Mayence 99 Verticordi
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Commemorative Columns lOI Antoninus
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Commemorative Columns 103 '9' 7 PP-
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Commemorative Columns 105 recognise
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Commemorative Columns 107 of decora
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The Trophy 109 And pillars lopped t
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The Trophy III that of La Turbie ne
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The Trophy 113 IViss. Phil. -hist.
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and the Soul-Ladder 115 blaze or sh
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and the Soul-Ladder 117 Dec. 13), t
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and the Soul-Ladder 119 be itself o
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and the Soul-Ladder 121 — How, ex
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Amphora from Capua, now in the Brit
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and the Soul-Ladder 123 de PArt vi.
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Plate VI Polychrome hydria from Kyr
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and the Soul-Ladder 125 In support
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and the Soul-Ladder 127 Such belief
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and the Soul-Ladder 129 and corresp
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and the Soul-Ladder 131 sLimably ve
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and the Soul-Ladder 133 Now \}[\dX
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and the Soul-Ladder 135 Ladder of P
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and the Soul-Ladder 137 Ladder of t
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a. c o • I— _> C/3 ca J3 Si !-i
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140 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia abid
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142 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia stan
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144 Diana-Pillars vase, complete th
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146 Diana-Pillars Steps give access
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148 Diana-Pillars broad ribands. Ra
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I50 Diana-Pillars disk, from which
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152 Diana-Pillars Fig. 92. kais. de
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154 Diana-Pillars bronze shrines fr
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156 vL ^*w ^ 05 JiZ. < — L < Dian
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158 Diana-Pillars pillar : the pend
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i6o Agyieus-ViW'Sir^ tionof the sam
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1 6 2 y4gjieus-Vi\\3.rs in lllyria,
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1 64 Agyieus-V\\\2ixs fact, the tit
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1 66 0?npha/6s and Pillar dence tha
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i68 Omphalos and Pillar have been w
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lyo The Delphic Omphalos which cert
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172 The Delphic Omphalos Fig. 118.
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174 The Delphic Omphalos well have
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Three views of the inscribed omphal
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176 The Delphic Omphalds the earth-
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178 The Delphic Omphalos who are kn
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i8o The Delphic Omphalos in all pro
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l82 The Delphic Omphalos of honour
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The Delphic O^nphalos 183 and sundr
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The Delphic Omphalos 185 fillets an
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 187 at the co
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 189 were two,
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The Delphic Omphalos 191 aetiology
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Plate XI (a) Altar as represented o
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194 The Delphic Tripod Fig. 134.
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196 The Delphic Tripod lebes restin
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198 The Delphic Tripod 'The tripod
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The Cliigi base at Dresden, represe
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200 The Delphic Tripod Pythian vict
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202 The Delphic Tripod art-type tra
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204 The Delphic Tripod ApoUon in th
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2o6 The Delphic Tripod is finely co
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2o8 The Pythia as Bride of Apollon
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210 The Pythia and the phetic pries
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Hydria in the Fitzwilliam Museum, C
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Caldron of Apotlleosis 213 that the
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Caldron of Apotheosis 215 Euripides
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Caldron of Apotheosis 217 Ephoros,
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Caldron of Apotheosis 219 Other wri
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 221 do
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 223 te
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 225 wi
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Pythagoras as ApoUon reborn 227 Sal
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 229 in
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Zeus at Delphoi 231 from Knossos^ a
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Dionysos at Delphoi 233 commemorate
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Dionysos at Delphoi 235 the same pr
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Dionysos at Delphoi 237 J. Loth in
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Dionysos at Delphoi 239 I have, how
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Dionysos at Delphoi 241 Clement of
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Dionysos displaced by Apollon 243 t
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at Delphoi ' 245 in the second Hami
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at Delphoi 247 124, 254 n.*, J. L.
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'^ at Delphoi 249 Plout. de fnus. 1
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at Delphoi 251 Daldeia in Lyclia',
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at Delphoi 253 mood\ And like enoug
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at Delphoi 255 oratory traditionall
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at Delphoi 257 the griffin which sh
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X 0) +-'
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26o Dionysos displaced by Apollon A
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262 Dionysos displaced by Apollon a
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X +-> Q.
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264 Dionysos displaced by Apollon T
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2 66 The stratification of Delphic
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268 Zeus and Dionysos which probabl
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270 Zeus and Dionysos pellatives: h
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272 p. Kretschmer's hypothesis the
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2 74 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's h
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276 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's hy
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278 Dios and Dios Nysos monly end w
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2 8o Dios and Dios Nysos De'os or D
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282 Dios and Dios Nysos compared wi
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Dios and Dios Nysos 283 two, and th
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 285 with Zeus P
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Dios and Dios Nysos 287 eastern sid
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fw^/'/^v^^/ ' /y/v^/^y^/A'/iw^^^ Dt
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 291 hand with t
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Papas and Attis 293 sobriquet stric
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The Mother-goddess and h^v pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and her pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and hcv pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and h.^v pdredro
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi
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The Kdbeiroi or Megalot Theoi 313 p
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The Kdbeiroi or Megdloi Theoi 315 k
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Zeus Didymatos 317 the former influ
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 319 p. D.
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 321 first
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The Celtic Janiform god 323 (8) The
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The Celtic Janiform god 325 Noricum
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X JS Q. •C c« CO O CO 9 e c4 U3
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328 lupiter and lanus in the Salian
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3 30 lupiter and lanus in the Salia
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332 lanus and lupiter on coins
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334 lanus and lupiter on coins Fig.
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336 lanus an older lupiter yawning
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338 lanus an older lupiter His titl
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340 Zan an older Zeus lanus, theref
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342 Zan an older Zeus anecd. Paris,
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344 ^^^ ^^ older Zeus A. F. Pott (1
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34^ Zan an older Zeus But why must
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348 Zan an older Zeus ' over agains
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350 Zan an older Zeus The same may
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352 Zan an older Zeus detects yet a
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354 lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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360 The Triumphal Arch had its sepa
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362 The goddess under the Arch (fx)
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364 Tigillum Sororium and lupiter T
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366 The god under the Arch the Foru
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368 lanus bifrontal on coins c. 92
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370 lanus bifrontal on coins series
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372 lanus bifrontal on coins Season
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374 lanus bifrontal in ritual the m
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37^ lanus bifrontal in ritual verse
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37^ The significance of lanus' doub
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380 The significance of lanus' doub
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386 The Sky-god's hat parison with
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388 The differentiation of associat
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390 The differentiation of Thoukydi
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the Sky-god's faces 391 and the typ
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M ns.)nif/A .VA^ Plate XXII
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. t ,.4^^/rfi^ ..,.//7r-.,.j//y,/^^
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Virbius as Dianus 393 probably brou
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Virbius as Dianus 395 things which
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Virbius as Dianus 397 hist. 25. 105
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Virbius as Dianus 399 older head is
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Diana and the Oak 401 Vicus Cuprius
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Diana and the Oak 403 change from o
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Artemis and the Oak 405 scape-relie
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Artemis and the Oak 407 the thymiat
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Artemis and the Oak 409 on leading
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Artemis and the Oak 411 much weight
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Artemis and the Oak 413 Troizen, st
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Artemis and the Oak 415 legend with
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Diana's tree at Nemi 417 introduces
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Diana's tree at Nemi 419 woodland k
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Diana's tree at Nemi 421 a priest o
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The supports of the Sky personified
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Plate XXIV Etruscan mirror: the Dio
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434 Twins as Children of the Sky Fi
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43 6 Kastor and Polydeukes conventi
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438 Kastor and Polydeukes after thi
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440 Romulus and Remus have us belie
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442 Romulus and Remus the type is c
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444 Zetes and Kalais princely twins
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446 Herakles and Iphikles was dispo
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44 The effeminate Twin Zeus^, or th
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45 The effeminate Twin before he pa
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452 Apollon and Artemis Iphiklos^ c
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454 ApoUon and Artemis
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45^ Apollon and Artemis his ancient
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45 8 Apollon and Artemis light of t
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460 Apollon and Artemis The Delphia
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Apollon and Artemis 461 p. Hartwig
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• Apollon and Artemis 463 The cop
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ApoUon and Artemis 465 other allusi
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ApoUon and Artemis 467 Iphitos, mak
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Apollon and Artemis 469 her days an
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Apollon and Artemis 471 names deriv
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Apollon and Artemis 473 earliest ex
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Apollon and Artemis 475 who with bi
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Apollon and Artemis • possibiliti
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ApoUon and Artemis 479 On the left
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Apollon and Artemis 481 it is permi
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Apollon and Artemis 483 190 And the
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Apollon and Artemis 485 deity assoc
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Apollon and Artemis 487 from the ne
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Apollon and Artemis 489 a liyper-Do
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Apollon and Artemis 491 are an amph
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Apollon and Artemis 493 his argumen
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Apollon and Artemis 495 Boreas,' th
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Apollon and Artemis 497 sometimes a
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55' Stf W iS' X. ?s '^ "^ e HY I y
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Apollon and Artemis 499 explained a
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Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
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Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
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Lightning as a weapon 505 is the so
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Lightning as a weapon 507 earlier,
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Lightning as a weapon 509 informati
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Lightning as a weapon 511 found in
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The double axe in 'Minoan' cult 513
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The double axe in mid air 515 benea
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vH -^1 ;^^ The painted limestone sa
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5i8 The double axe in relation trun
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520 The double axe in relation bord
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52 2 The double axe in relation Cer
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524 The double axe in relation if t
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526 The double axe in relation A su
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528 The double axe in relation a fi
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53^ The double axe in relation Simi
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532 The double axe in relation prec
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534 The double axe in relation to h
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53^ The double axe in relation to h
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53^ The double axe in relation to h
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544 The deity of the double axe ena
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54^ The deity of the double axe sen
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54^ The deity of the double axe pow
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SS^ The deity of the double axe in
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' Antiochus 552 The deity of the do
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554 The deity of the double axe cul
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55^ The deity of the double axe fra
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558 The deity of the double axe if
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560 The double axe and Zeus JLabrdy
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562 The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
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570 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdyn
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Page 699 and 700:
57^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
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57^ The double axe and Zeus luabrdy
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582 The double axe and Zeus L,abrdy
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586 The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdy
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588 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdy?
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Page 715 and 716:
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594 The double axe and Zeus Labrdy7
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59^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
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The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdyndos
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The double axe and Zeus Lai?rdyncio
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The double axe and the labarum 60 f
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The double axe and the labarum 603
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The double axe and the labaru?n 607
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The double axe and the labarum 6 1
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Zeus in the East 615 from Kameiros
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The double axe in the West 617 othe
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The double axe in the West 619 Not
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The axe carried by priests and prie
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The decoration of the double axe 63
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The duplication of the double axe 6
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The double axes of Tenedos 655 attr
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The double axes of Tenedos 657 Gree
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The double axes of Tenedos 659 dian
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The double axes of Tenedos 66i repr
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' Minoan ' The double axes of Tened
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The double axes of Tenedos 665 addi
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The double axes of Tenedos 667 affi
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The double axes of Tenedos 669 ' Ky
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The double axes of Tenedos 671 fath
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The double axes of Tenedos 673 (bet
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The double axes of Tenedos 675 comb
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The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
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The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
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sacred tree at Rhegion 68i image in
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The axes and the sacred oaks at Dot
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Axe-blades and axe-hafts in megalit
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megalithic art of western Europe 68
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megalithic art of western Europe 68
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The axes of Penelope 691 The name P
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The axes of Penelope 693 of Thrace,
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The axes of Penelope 695 whole stor
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The axes of Penelope 697 an appella
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Superstitious practices with axes 6
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Page 828 and 829:
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The spear of Zeus 705 Nonnos in the
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The spear of Zeus 707 Zeus Areios i
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Plate XXIX Etruscan mirror: the bir
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yio The spear of Zeus head of Zeus
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712 The sword of Zeus lupiter, gras
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The sword of Zeus 713 and that the
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The sword of Zeus 715 father of the
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The sword of Zeus 717 A terra-cotta
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The sword of Zeus 719 presence of A
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The sword of Zeus 721 phon^), who f
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Gradual elimination of the thunderb
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I or Gradual elimination of the thu
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Bronze statuette of Zeus in the Uff
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Plate XXXIV Bronze statuette found
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75 8 Gradual elimination of the thu
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of the thunderbolt 765 earlier, app
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of the thunderbolt 767 or straighti
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of the thunderbolt 769 {c. 700 B.C.
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of the thunderbolt 771 early kylix
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of the thunderbolt 773 springeth up
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of the thunderbolt 775 Friend Flowe
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of the thunderbolt 777 were soon tr
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of the thunderbolt 779 And H. Usene
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:^.'^-- f- - j-i' '
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.782 Modifications in the shape ten
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784 Modifications in the shape conq
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786 The thunderbolt of Zeus (7) The
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788 The thunderbolt of Zeus suscept
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790 The thunderbolt of Zeus In 191
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792 The thunderbolt of Zeus point a
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794 The thunderbolt of Zeus version
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796 The thunderbolt of Zeus Differe
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798 The thunderbolt of Zeus Byzanti
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8oo The thunderbolt of Zeus But nei
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8o2 The thunderbolt of Zeus other p
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8o4 The thunderbolt of Zeus wuBJurw
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8o6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios fo
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8o8 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios ri
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8io Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios Wi
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8 12 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Kerawiios t
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8 14 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios a
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8i6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraiinios h
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8i8 Zeus Zbelsourdos his name and n
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820 Zeus Zbelsourdos shows the same
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822 Zeus Zbelsourdos increase our k
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824. The whip of Zeus This leaves t
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826 The whip of Zeus forgotten by p
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828 Thunder as a sound independent
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830 Thunder as a sound (c) Thunder
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caused bv the Chariot of Zeus 831 a
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Zeus Bro7itatoSy Brontbn^ Brontesio
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Zeus Brontaios^ Brontm^ Brojttesios
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Zeus Brontaios^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
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Zeus Brontatos^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
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Retrospect 841 Further consideratio
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Retrospect 843 over with oak-leaves
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Retrospect 845 was seen falling fro
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Retrospect 847 Further examples of
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Hdrkios, ' God Retrospect 849 of Oa
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Retrospect 851 emperors^ Coins of D
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The main design on a krater from Ca
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854 Retrospect On the left are Arte
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856 Retrospect (Tol St) Tra
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858 Retrospect iir aWore S' dWa (pe
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tm ' ^- nr 2_ %^f ^HP^ JUL JUL a Xt
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Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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