Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

8 8 lupiter-Columns
PreserverV in another * to lupiter Best and Greatest and to all
the other gods and goddesses immortals' Thus with simple timehonoured
phrases the tribes of Rhenic Germany attested their belief
that heaven, the abode of the sky-god, rested on a world-pillar.
Their ancestors, could we have questioned them, would probably
have held the same opinion in a slightly different form, speaking
not of a pillar but of a tree— a notion that still lingers in the cottagehomes
of their descendants^
Finally, since the holy tree of a primitive cult is apt to be
associated with a holy well*, F. Hertlein rightly draws attention
to the fact that a noticeable proportion of these ' '
Jupiter-columns
has been discovered in Roman wells or beside a spring or river'.
no. 55 I.O.M. e[t Inn.] = Co7-^. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 7270 I.O. M. e[t I.K.]), Bierstadt
(Hang in the Westdeiitsche Zeitschrift 1891 x. 34 no. 58 [I.]O.M. [lujnoni Reg.), Liederbach
(id. ib. 1891 x. 34 no. 59 I.O.M. et lunon(i) Re(ginae)), Heddeinheim {id. ib. 1891
X. 35 no. 61 [I.O.M. et lunoni Regi]nae), Heddernheim bis (id. ib. 1891 x. 35 f. no. 62
[I.]O.M. lunoni Regiiia[e]), Mayence (id. ib. 1891 x. 555. no. 120 I.O.M, which
J. Becker Die nhiiischen Inschriften mid Sleinsculpttiren dcs Aliisaitiis dcr Siadt Maiitz
Mainz 1875 p. 3 no. 1 1 completes [lun. Reg.], the Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 6699 [et I. R.],
F. Hertlein op. cit. p. 81 n. i [(et) I. R.]), Mayence bis (Haug in the Westdeuiscke Zeitschrift
1891 X. 56 no. 121 I.O.M. et lunoni Reginae), Mayence ter (id. ib. 1891 x. 57 no. 124
I.O.M. et lunoni Reginae), Heddernheim ter (F. Hertlein op. cit. p. 6 [I.O.M. et
I. JR.), Mayence quatcr (id. ib. p. 123, cp. Korber in the Westdetitsche Zeitung 1906 xxv
Korrespondenzbl. p. i68f. [I.O.M. et lunoni Re]gin(a)e), Weisenau (id. ib. p. 123
[I.O.M. et] lunoni Reg.).
' I(ovi) 0(ptimd) M{aximo) Conservato[ri]. So on a Viergotterstein of Kastel (Haug in
the Westdeuiscke Zeitschrift 1891 x. 31 f. no. 52). For Conservator z.% an epithet of gods in
general and of lupiter in particular see the TheL Ling. Lat. iv. 418, 37
ff., Preller
Jordan Rciin. Afyth.^ i. 208, 238, Wissowa Rel. Kjilt. Num.- p. i 28 f. : cp. supra i. 276
n- 5. 55 in. 11, 608 n. 7.
^ lovi Optitno Maximo et caeteris dis deabusq(ite) iminortalibus. So on the IVochoi-
gotterstein of Agnin (Orelli—Henzen Inscr. I^at. sel. no. 5653, Haug in the Westdetitsche
Zeitung 1890 ix. 35 no. 17).
' The idea of a woi Id-tree (on which see e.g. J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans.
J. S. Stallybrass London 1883 ii. 796 ff., 1888 iv. 1536 f., P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye
The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 p. 347 ff., R. M. Meyer Alfgermanische
Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910 pp. 69, 474 ff., 547 f. ; Folk-Lore 1906 xvii.
56 f., 158 f.; R. Eisler Weltenmantel tmd Hiinmelszelt yi\\\\z\v&\\ 1910 ii. 565 f., 584,604,
677; A. de Gubernatis La mythologie des plantes Paris 1878 i. 93ff., 1882 ii. 75 ff.
Mrs J. H. Philpot The Sacred Tree London 1897 p. 109 ff.) enters into tales of the 'Jack
and Beanstalk' type (C. S. Burne The Hajidbook of Folklore London 1914 p. 350 no. 33),
which are of wide-spread occurrence (E. B. Tylor Researches into the Early History of
Mankind and the Development of Civilization London 1865 pp. 341—349, W. R. S.
Ralston Russian Folk-Tales London 1873 pp. 291—298, J. Jacobs English Fairy Tales'^
London 1898 pp. 59 ff., 238) and have left traces of themselves in France (P. Sebillot Le
Folk-lore de France 1906 iii. 439) and Germany (Grimm's Household Tales trans. M. Hunt
London 1901 ii. 107 f. no. 112, ib. ii. 413, cp. ib. ii. 506—508).
* Supra i. 76 f., 368 f., 526 n. 4.
^ F. Hertlein op. cit. p. 85 f., following up an obser\'ation by F. Plettner in the Wesi-
deutsche Zeitschrift 1885 iv. 387.