Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

Zeus duplicated on a gem 319
p. D. Lippert pronounced the divine pair to be lupiter and luno^
C. Lenormant saw lupiter in the douh\ero/e
of Sununus and Suinmaniis^. J. J. Winckelmann
tried to justify the duplication by
citing a copper coin of Smyrna, struck by
M. Aurelius, which showed both a standing
and a seated Zeus— Aither and Ouranos,
he supposed^ But this coin (fig. 201)-', as
Montfaucon had already observed ^ merely
symbolises an alliance between Smyrna and
Laodikeia on the Lykos by a juxtaposition
of the Smyrnaean Zeus Akraios^ seated with the Laodicean Zeus^
that the hair is crimped or waved. But this was a method of coiffw-e employed by the
Romans not only for women (A. Furtwangler in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1901 xxi. 22 r,
Steininger in Pauly—Wissowa Keal-Enc. vii. 2139) but also on occasion for men—witness
the numismatic portraits of Otho (J.J. Bernoulli Romische Ikonographie Stuttgart 1891 ii.
7 Mtinztaf. i, 5f.).
1 P. D. Lippert Dactyliothec (Supplement) Dresden, Leipzig 1767—1776 i, 30. On
Lippert and his services to archaeology see C. Justi Winckebnami in Dentschland Leipzig
1866 i. 361 ff. and Furtwangler Atit. Genimen iii. 414 f. Lippert was perhaps misled by
the large nipples of the left-hand figure : but that is merely proof of haste and clumsiness
on the part of the gem-engraver.
- C. Lenormant loc. cit.
^ J. J. Winckelmann op. cit. p. 38, Gerhard Zwei Minei-ven p. 5 n. 13.
* Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Ionia p. 307 pi. 39, 11 ( = my fig. 201) rev. : ATTAAOCCO
4>ICTHCTA ICTTATPICI CA^VPAAb i-e. "ArraXos ECI0C KYZIKOC {sic). But this is presumably a mistaken inter-
pretation of the type correctly described by W. Wroth in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Mysia p. 60 no. 290 and by W. Drexler in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1774 f. as two youthful
male figures (KVZI KOC and €4>eC0C) grasping right hands.
*• Append. B Lydia.
^ A similar type of Zeus appears on quasi-a.\\\.ox\omo\.\^ and imperial coppers of
Laodikeia (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia pp. Ixxxi, 289 f. pi. 35, i, 293 f., 296 f.
fig. 202 is from a specimen in my collection. Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 300 ff.
pl- .S7>
I' 3 = ''"y fig- 203). Sometimes he is flanked by Hera and Athena in a group
intended to recajl the Capitoline triad [Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 308 pi. 37, 7,
Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 491 pi. 57, 3, Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen i. 266 no. 21
pi. 8, 25 = my fig. 204). Another interesting imperial type shows the city-goddess (AAO
A IK€IA) enthroned to left, with kdlathos, chitSn, and himdtion: in her right hand-is
a statuette of the Laodicean Zeus, in her left a sceptre ; below are two river-gods
'^"