Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

lupiter-Columns 71
occupied either by an inscription^ or by some additional divinity
naturally associated with the week-days—a Genius or Bonus
Eventus^, a Fortuna or Felicitas^ or Victoria^
The Vicrgottcrstein and the Wochengottcrstein together formed
a double plinth, from which rose the actual shaft of the column.
This might on occasion be left smooth (fig. 29)^ but was normally
covered with a scale-pattern (fig. 3o)^ and sometimes adorned with
vine-leaves etc. (fig. 31)''. F. Hertlein points out that such deco-
' Haug in the VVesldeiitsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 33 no. 13 Castel near Mayence
(in • U • D • D • = in lionorem domus divinae), id. ib. 1890 ix. 34 f. no. 15 Havange in
Lorraine (i»0»m), F. Hertlein Die Juppitergigantensauleii Stuttgart 1910 p. 83 Mainz
(Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 6728 a latter part of inscription alone extant).
^ Haug in the Westdeiclsche Zeitschrifl 1890 ix. 28 no. 4 Metzingen, id. ih. 1890 ix.
35 no. 17 Agnin (Isere).
* Haug in the Westdetitsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 33 f. no. 13 Heddernheim (?).
* F. WtrtXtin Die/tfppittrgigaiilensiiiih'n Stuttgart 1910P. 82 n. 2 Merten in Lorraine.
* Fig. 29 is a column, i5"50'" h'g'i) found at Merten near Saarlouis in 1878 and now
preserved in the Museum at Metz (for bibliography see F. Hertlein Die Juppitergiganten-
siiulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 13 f. and Espernndieu Bas-reliefs de la Gaiile Rom. v. 452 ff.
no. 4425 with six photographic cuts. Add Durni Baiikunst d. Rom!^ p. 742 ff. fig. 817).
The restoration by E. Arnold published in the Jahrb. d. Vereins v. Alterthums-
frettnd. im Rheinl. 1878 Ixiv. 94—99 pi. 7 is far from accurate, and the same may be said
of that by O. A. Hoffmann in the Gesellschaft fiir Lothringische Geschichte tmd Altertums-
kunde: Jahrbuch 1889 i. 14 ff. Much better is that by A. Prost in the Rev. Arch. 1879
i. r— 20 pi. I f. and in the Bulletin de la Societe Natiotiale des Antiqiiaires de France
1879 p. 64 {Menioires de la Socic'te Nationale des Antiqiiaires de France Serie IV Tome x),
or that by Tornow in the Deutsche Bauzeitung 1879 no. 53 (reproduced by F. X. Kraus
in Kunst tmd Altertum in Elsass-Lothringen 1886— 1889 iii. 2. 316—325 fig. 87). My
own restoration is based on that of Prost, from which however it varies in the character
of its steps, in the arrangement of its reliefs, and in the reconstruction of its equestrian
group.
Remains of other smooth ' Jupiter-columns ' have come to light at Hagen near Saverne
in the Wasserwald, at Butterstadt near Hanau, and at Treves (Hertlein op. cit. p. 84).
" Fig. 30 is a column, 5"44"' high, found in 1884 in a fountain within the Roman
walls at Heddernheim together with an altar to lupiter and a smaller column topped by
a figure of lupiter enthroned. The whole group is now in the Historical Museum at
Frankfurt : see O. Donner-von Richter and A. Riese Heddernheiiner Aiisgrabungen
Frankfurt am Main 1885 (an Stelle des Neujahrs-Blattes des Vereins fiir Geschichte und
Alterthumskunde ftir 1885 und 1886) pp. i— 20, whose pi. i, i I reproduce. Note that
the IVochetigotterstein is in the case of this column replaced by a Sechsgolterslein, on
which see Haug in the IVestdeutsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 48 f. no. 4 Heddernheim.
^ Fig. 31 is a sandstone column, some 3'5o'" high, found in 1838 at Neuenheim near
Heidelberg, along with a Viergotterstein (Haug in the IVestdeutsche Zeitschrift 1891 x.
26 no. 40 Neuenheim) and a fragmentary Mithraic figure (F. Cumont Textes et tnonuments
figures relatifs atix mystlres de Mithra Bruxelles 1896 ii. 508 fig. 461), and now
preserved in the Museum at Karlsruhe. The shaft is embellished with vine-leaves and
birds perched among them : the four small heads of its capital are apparently female
(F. Hertlein Die Juppitergigantensdtilen Stuttgart 191 o p. 89). F. Cumont, whose
illustration [op. cit. ii. 508 f. fig. 462) is here copied, supposes that the Viergotterstein
mentioned above formed the base of this shaft. But F. Hertlein (op. cit. pp. 84, 89, 93)
states that their respective dimensions are unsuitable.
Fig. 32 is a drum of white limestone, o'84"' high, found in 1726 at Les Fontaines,