Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

64
lupiter-Columns
der gertnanischen P/iilologie- Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 355 and
in Hoops Reallex. i. 480, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910
p. 282, K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 2740"., 363ff.)>
and finally from s. vi onwards with lupiter (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans.
J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 189 ff., 1888 iv. 1345 f., E. H. Meyer Germanische
Mythologie Berlin 1891 pp. 20, 48, 51, 202, 205 f., 217, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye
The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 p. 235, E. Mogk in the Grundriss
der gertnanischen Philologie'^ Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 354 f. and
in Hoops Reallex. i. 480, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910
p. 282, K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 275, cp. 278).
The Germani identified their Donar with Hercules primarily because of his strength.
Thus, when going into battle, they sang of Hercules as ' primum... omnium virorum
fortium ' (Tac. Germ. 3). The Batavi in- particular worshipped Hercules Magusanus
[Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. 3 1162 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 2188 cp. no. 4628 n. i
(Rome, dedicated by cives Batavi sive Thraces adlecti ex provincia Germania inferiori on
etc.; Coi-p. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8705 = Dessau
Sept. 29, 219 A. D.) Herculi Magusano |
Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4629 (Betuwe in Holland) Herculi Ma|gusano et 1 Haevae
etc. ; Corp.
inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8771 (Rummel, North Brabant, dedicated by the suvitnus nia^istratus
civitatis Batavorum) Magusajno Hercul[i] |
kapelle in the island of Walcheren, Zeeland) Herculi | Magusano | etc. ; Corp. inscr. Lat.
xiii no. 8010 (Bonn) Herculi | Magusano | etc. ; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8492 = Dessau
Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4630 (near Deutz) |
[Sil]vano et Genio [loc] |
dea[bus] |
[omjnibus
[Diajne
Mahal[inis] |
[Herc]uli
etc.; Corp. itiscr. Lat. xiii no. 8777 (West-
Magusan[o]] [? Matron]is Abirenibu[s] |
[V)c]torie
Mercu[rio] | [cetejrisque dis
etc.; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8610 (Xanten) Herculi Mag[usano] |
etc.; Corp. tnscr. Lat. vii no. 1090 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4628 (Mumerills, near
Falkirk, on the Antonine Wall, dedicated by a duplicarius alae Tungroritm) Herculi |
Magusan|[o] etc. ; but hardly Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 4141 (near Treves) M[a](c)usa etc.
See further supra p. 57 n. 3, F. Kaufifmann 'Hercules Magusanus' in H. Paul
W. Braune Beitrdge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache itnd Literatur Halle a/S 1891
'^^- 553— 562, R. Peter in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 3018— 3020, M. Schonfeld Worterbuch
der altgermanischen Personen- und Volkernamen Heidelberg 191 1 p. 158, K. Helm
Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 19 13 i. 363— 365), whose cult-title, de-
noting 'the Strong,' survived in the mediaeval Mahusenhem (now Muyswinkel) near
Durstede (R. Peter in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 3019 f., Haug in Pauly—Wissowa Real-
Enc. viii. 611) and is comparable with the name of Thor's son Magni (E. Mogk in the
Grundriss der gertnanischen Philologie'^ Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii.
355, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religioti of the Teutotis Boston and London
1902 p. 239 with n. 3, K. Helm Altgerttianische Religiotisgeschichle Heidelberg 1913
i. 364 f. ). Hercules on the Viergottersteine is regularly bearded (F. Hertlein Die Juppiter-
gigantetisdulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 146), and an inscription found at Brohl in 1840 A. D.
records the cult of Hercules Barbatus (Orelli—Henzen Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 5726 = Dessau
Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 3460 Herculi |
barbato
|
etc.)
: Thor too in the best extant representa-
tion of him, a relief on a granite baptismal basin from the old church at Ottrava in Wester
Gothland, Sweden (G. Stephens Thunor the Thunderer, carved on a Scandinavian font
of about the year 1000 London 1878 p. 24 f. with fig. on p. i5 = my fig. 26), has a pointed
beard. Again, Hercules, like Donar, was armed with a primitive weapon : the club of
the former was a rough equivalent for the hammer of the latter. Hence these attributes
were interchangeable. On the one hand, Saxo Grammaticus hist. Dan. 3 p. 73, 29 ff.
Holder describes Thor as armed with a club (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans.
J.
p.
S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 180,
204, E. Mogk in the Grundriss
E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin 1891
der gertnanischen Philologie"^ Herausgegeben von
H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 357, R. M. Meyer Altgerttianische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig
19 10 p. 283). On the other hand, we hear of a Hercules Maliator {Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii
no. 6619= Dessau Itiscr. Lat. sel. no. 4627 (Obernburg in Bavaria) Herculi |
Maliator(i)),
whose title presumably denotes 'the Hammer-god' (so K. Zangemeister in the Neue