Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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62 lupiter-Columns to us figuring as the god of summer^; that the bearded Hercules 1 * WoSanaz (Old Saxon Wodan, Old High German •wiiotan), * WoSenaz (Old English Woden, Old Norse OSinu), who gradually superseded the old sky-god Ziu (K. Miillenhoff Deutsche Altertunishitide Berlin 1900 iv. 213), was himself also in all probability a sky- god, very possibly a by-form of Ziu (E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischeti Philo- logie^ Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 332 f.). He looks down on the earth at daybreak through a window in the eastern sky (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans. J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 134 f. cites Paulus Diaconus hist. Langobard. i. 8 (L. Bethmann—G. Waitz Mnmimenta Gernianiae historica Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum at Italicarum saec. vi— ix Hannoverae 1878 p. 52) Refert hoc loco antiquitas ridiculam fabulam : quod accedentes Wandali ad Godan victoriam de Winnilis postula- verint, illeque responderit, se illis victoriam daturum quos primum oriente sole conspexisset. Tunc accessisse Gambara ad Fream, uxorem Godan, et Winnilis victoriam postulasse, Freaque consilium dedisse, ut Winnilorum mulieres solutos crines erga faciem ad barbae similitudinem conponerent maneque primo cum viris adessent seseque Godan videndas pariter e regione, qua ille per fenestram orientem versus erat solitus aspicere, conlocarent. Atque ita factum fuisse. Quas cum Godan oriente sole conspiceret, dixisse : ' Qui sunt isti longibarbi?' Tunc Frea subiunxisse, ut quibus nomen tribuerat victoriam condonaret. Sicque Winnilis Godan victoriam concessisse). He has a throne named Hlidhskjalf, from which he can survey the whole world and hear all that goes on among men (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans. J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 135 f-, E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin 1891 pp. 190, 234, 251, W. Golther Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie Leipzig 1895 pp. 324, 518, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 pp. 233, 286, 346, E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germatiischen Philologie- Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 321, 345, 370, cp. J. Bolte—G. Polivka An7nerkiingen zu den Kinder- u. Hausindrchen der Briider Grimm Leipzig 1913 i. 34?). Further, it is at least possible that the one eye ascribed to him stands for the sun (F. Magnusen Edda rhythinica Hauniae 1828 iii. 540 n.****, E. H. Meyer Gennanische Mythologie Berlin 1891 pp. 93 f., 231 f., 245, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teittons Boston and London 1902 p. 233, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910 pp. 229— 232, supra i. 321 n. 3, cp. i. 320 f., 323, 462) ; and some have given a like explanation of his gold ring Draupnir, the 'Dripper,' from which every ninth night dripped eight other rings of equal weight (W. Golther Handbuch der gerinanischen Mythologie Leipzig 1895 p. 312, K. Miillenhofif Deutsche Altertuinskunde Berlin 1900 iv. 642 f., P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 p. 233), and of the gold helmet that he wore in his contest with the Fenris-wolf (E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie'' Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 345, cp. E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin i89t p. 231). It is not, however, likely that such solar attributes would have led to Wodan being regarded as the god of summer. I would rather explain this aspect of his complex character by the fact that among the Scandinavians the great sacrifice, which year by year took place at the beginning of summer, was probably associated with him (H. M. Chadwick The Cult of Othin London 1899 p. ^f.). Wodan still survives in popular imagination as leader of the Wild Hunt (die zvilde Jagd) or the Furious Host {das wiitende Heer). On windy nights in spring, or autumn, or winter he sweeps across the sky with a howling company at his heels—the souls of the dead (E. H. Meyer Gertnanische Mythologie Berlin 1891 p. 235 ff., P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 pp. 216 f., 225 f., E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie'- Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 333 ff., R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910 p. 81 f., K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 261 ff.). In some districts he heads the rout, not on foot or on horseback, but driving a chariot or coach (E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin 1891 p. 239). And, when we observe that the Milky Way is believed to be the path traversed by the Furious Host and is called in
lupiter-Coiumns 63 with his club is Donar as the stormy god of autumn'; and that consequence the Heerstrasse, Helweg, Wageiipat, etc. [id. ib. p. 241, cp. p. 238), it becomes probable that Platon's myth of the soul-procession following the chariot of Zeus along the Milky Way [supra p. 43 f.) presupposes a popular belief akin to that of the Furious Host. If so, the earliest allusion to das zviitende Heer is not after all the feralis exercitus of Tac. Germ. 43, but the arpaTLa deCcv re Kai SaL/xbvwv of Plat. Phaedr. 246 E. See further K. Dilthey ' Die Artemis des Apelles unci die wilde Jagd ' in the Rhein. Mus. 1870 XXV. 321 fif. , P. Sartori 'Das wilde Heer' in the Zeitschrift des Vei'cins fiir Volki- kiinde 1894 iv. 289— 292, L. Weniger 'Feralis exercitus' in the Archiv f. Rel. 1906 ix. 201 — 247 ('Das schwarze Heer der Harier'), 1907 x. 61—81 and 229— 256 ('Das weisse Heer der Phoker ') with L. R. Farnell in The Year's Work in Class. Stud. 1907 p. 63. On the common equation of Wodan with Mercurius see J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans. J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 119 ff., E. H. Meyer Gernianische Mythologic Berlin 1891 p. 229 f., W. Golther Handhuch der germanischen Mythologie Leipzig 1895 p. 295 n. 2, K. ÎvXi^xô^ Deutsche Altertuiiiskuude Berlin 1900 iv. 212 f., P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 pp. 103, 221 f., E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie'^ Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 331, R. M. Meyer Altgernianische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910 p. 226, K. Helm Altgcrmanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 19 13 i. 259, 356 ff. ' The Germanic god *pmiaraz bore a name derived from the Indo-Europaean root *{s)ten-, 'to growl, to roar' (Walde Lat. etym. IVorterb. p. 630 f. s.v. 'tono'), which occurs in Norse as porr (for *ponraz), on the Xzxq^^x fibula from Nordendorf in Bavaria as ponar (R. Henning Die deutschen Rimendetiktmiler Strassburg 1889 p. 102, G. Stephens The Old-Norther7i Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England ed. S. O. M. Soderberg London 1901 iv. 9), in a Saxon baptismal vow as Thuner (K. Miillenhoff—W. Scherer Denkmiiler deutscher Poesie und Prosa aus dem viii— xiiJahrhundert^ Berlin 1892 i. 198, ii. 316 ff. no. Ll), in Old English as Thunor (cp. J. M. Kemble The Saxons in England'^ London 1876 i. 346 ff. ), and in Germanic designations for the fifth day of the week (Old High German Donarestac, Old Frisian Thunresdey, Anglo-Saxon Thunresdaeg, Norse porsdagr). These names, as J. Grimm long ago pointed out (J. Grimm ' Uber die Namen des Donners' in his Kleinere Schriftsn Berlin 1865 ii. 410 fif. and in his Teutonic Mythology trans. J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 166), stand in obvious relation to the Germanic words for 'thunder' (Old High German donar. Middle High German doner, Anglo-.Saxon punor). Since, however, the name of a natural phenomenon raised to the rank of a personal deity tends to drop out of common parlance (H. Usener Gotternamen Bonn 1896 p. 316 f.), it has been conjectured that the living words Donner, thunder, etc. have come from the name of the god, not vice versa (K. Helm Altgermanische Religions- geschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 275 n. 86). In any case Donar was essentiallya thunder-god. Not impossibly he, like Wodan [supra p. 62 n. 1), was a by-form differentiated from the early Germanic sky-god Ziu (so E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie'^ Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 354). In common with many another storm-god Donar was also a fertilising power (E. Mogk in Hoops Reallex. i. 481, K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 278 f.): cp. Thor, who fructifies the bride (E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin 1891 p. 212 f., W. Golther Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie Leipzig 1895 p. 251 f.), brings to life again his team of goats that have been cooked in a cauldron (W. Golther ib. p. 276), etc. Such a divinity, storm-god and fertility -god in one, might well serve as the Germanic representative of autunui. As regards the interpretatio Romania, Donar was at first perhaps equated with Volcanus (Caes. de bell. Gall. 6. 21, cp. H. Rueckert Cullurgeschichte des deutschen Volkes in der Zeit des Uebergatigs aus dem Heidenthum in das Christeîthum Leipzig 1853 with Hercules (Tac. Germ. 3, 9, 34 (?), ann. 2. 12, cp. E. H. Meyer Germanische i. 126), then Mythologie Berlin 1891 pp. 202, 211, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 ])p. 103 ff., 235, 239 n. 3, E. Mogk in the Grundriss
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'^ff' ]"W, ':'.'} :'.' !:; ii;:i;;l
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ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGION VO
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V ^ ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGIO
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viii Preface worth putting into a b
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X Preface willing to devote themsel
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xii Preface Prof. R. C. Bosanquet,
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xiv Preface illustration of Volume
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XVI Contents iv. Zeus and Dionysos
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XVlll Contents PART II Appendix A.
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XX List of Plates to face PLATE pag
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ABBREVIATIONS This List of Abbrevia
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Abbreviations xxv and Lesbos 1894 b
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Abbreviations xxix i (Alpes Maritim
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Abbreviations xxxi Antiken Bildiver
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Abbreviations xxxiii Inscr. Gr. Del
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Abbreviations xxxv L. Meyer //andd.
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Abbreviations xxxvii iii Die Bildwe
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Abbreviations xxxix i^xi (Tomi i—
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Abbreviations xli Sitzzifigsber. d.
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Abbreviations xliii Welcker Gr. Goi
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2 Zeus lightens, thunders, rains, e
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4 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Peo
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6 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Mag
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8 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' reg
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I o The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' p
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12 Zeus Keraunos zoistic stage was
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i^. Zeus Kataibdtes a learned treat
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1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes Som
Page 66 and 67: 1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes mem
Page 68 and 69: 20 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes th
Page 70 and 71: 22 The Zeus-struck man in Elysium w
Page 72: 24 Death by lightning as euthanasia
Page 75: ;eum : Zeus in pursuit of Semele. S
Page 79 and 80: Death by lightning as euthanasia 25
Page 81 and 82: Death by lightning as euthanasia 27
Page 83 and 84: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 85 and 86: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 87 and 88: » Zoroastres 33 of the Rufinian mo
Page 89 and 90: Zoroastres 3 5 statement in a somew
Page 91 and 92: The Elysian Way 37 Again, in an equ
Page 93 and 94: The Elysian Way 39 There is a road
Page 95 and 96: The Elysian Way 41 ignored by them
Page 97 and 98: The Elysian Way 43 Way'. Again, Emp
Page 99 and 100: The Sky-Pillar in Italy 45 facilita
Page 101 and 102: The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
Page 103 and 104: The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
Page 105 and 106: The Irminsul 51 (in Marti TJiingso^
Page 107 and 108: The Irminsul 53 the sign and symbol
Page 109 and 110: The Irmi7tsul 55 witness to the ter
Page 111 and 112: lupiter-Columns 57 vehicle of the s
Page 113 and 114: lupiter-Columns 59 Seasons, the qua
Page 115: lupiter-Columns 6i children with a
Page 119 and 120: lupiter-Columns 65 Minerva is Holda
Page 121 and 122: lupiter-Columns 67 This hypothesis,
Page 123 and 124: lupiter-Columns 69 possibly it symb
Page 125 and 126: lupiter-Columns 71 occupied either
Page 127 and 128: n M Fig- 31- lupiter-Columns 73 Fig
Page 129 and 130: lupiter-Columns 75 barbaric head an
Page 131: The Jupiter-Column of Saverne. Plat
Page 134 and 135: 78 lupiter-Columns spokes as he rea
Page 136 and 137: 8o lupiter-Columns sometimes has as
Page 138 and 139: 82 lupiter-Columns So far, then, we
Page 140 and 141: 84 lupiter-Columns is preceded by a
Page 142 and 143: 86 lupiter-Columns a flash of light
Page 144 and 145: 8 8 lupiter-Columns PreserverV in a
Page 146 and 147: 90 lupiter-Columns ascending order
Page 148: 92 lupiter-Columns {le Bourg d'Angs
Page 153 and 154: The Column of Mayence 93 oak at Rem
Page 155 and 156: The Column of Mayence 95 and Minerv
Page 157 and 158: The Column of Mayence 97 lower drum
Page 159 and 160: The Column of Mayence 99 Verticordi
Page 161 and 162: Commemorative Columns lOI Antoninus
Page 163 and 164: Commemorative Columns 103 '9' 7 PP-
Page 165 and 166: Commemorative Columns 105 recognise
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Commemorative Columns 107 of decora
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The Trophy 109 And pillars lopped t
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The Trophy III that of La Turbie ne
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The Trophy 113 IViss. Phil. -hist.
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and the Soul-Ladder 115 blaze or sh
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and the Soul-Ladder 117 Dec. 13), t
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and the Soul-Ladder 119 be itself o
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and the Soul-Ladder 121 — How, ex
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Amphora from Capua, now in the Brit
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and the Soul-Ladder 123 de PArt vi.
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Plate VI Polychrome hydria from Kyr
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and the Soul-Ladder 125 In support
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and the Soul-Ladder 127 Such belief
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and the Soul-Ladder 129 and corresp
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and the Soul-Ladder 131 sLimably ve
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and the Soul-Ladder 133 Now \}[\dX
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and the Soul-Ladder 135 Ladder of P
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and the Soul-Ladder 137 Ladder of t
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a. c o • I— _> C/3 ca J3 Si !-i
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140 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia abid
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142 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia stan
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144 Diana-Pillars vase, complete th
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146 Diana-Pillars Steps give access
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148 Diana-Pillars broad ribands. Ra
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I50 Diana-Pillars disk, from which
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152 Diana-Pillars Fig. 92. kais. de
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154 Diana-Pillars bronze shrines fr
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156 vL ^*w ^ 05 JiZ. < — L < Dian
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158 Diana-Pillars pillar : the pend
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i6o Agyieus-ViW'Sir^ tionof the sam
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1 6 2 y4gjieus-Vi\\3.rs in lllyria,
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1 64 Agyieus-V\\\2ixs fact, the tit
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1 66 0?npha/6s and Pillar dence tha
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i68 Omphalos and Pillar have been w
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lyo The Delphic Omphalos which cert
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172 The Delphic Omphalos Fig. 118.
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174 The Delphic Omphalos well have
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Three views of the inscribed omphal
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176 The Delphic Omphalds the earth-
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178 The Delphic Omphalos who are kn
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i8o The Delphic Omphalos in all pro
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l82 The Delphic Omphalos of honour
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The Delphic O^nphalos 183 and sundr
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The Delphic Omphalos 185 fillets an
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 187 at the co
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 189 were two,
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The Delphic Omphalos 191 aetiology
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Plate XI (a) Altar as represented o
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194 The Delphic Tripod Fig. 134.
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196 The Delphic Tripod lebes restin
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198 The Delphic Tripod 'The tripod
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The Cliigi base at Dresden, represe
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200 The Delphic Tripod Pythian vict
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202 The Delphic Tripod art-type tra
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204 The Delphic Tripod ApoUon in th
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2o6 The Delphic Tripod is finely co
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2o8 The Pythia as Bride of Apollon
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210 The Pythia and the phetic pries
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Hydria in the Fitzwilliam Museum, C
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Caldron of Apotlleosis 213 that the
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Caldron of Apotheosis 215 Euripides
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Caldron of Apotheosis 217 Ephoros,
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Caldron of Apotheosis 219 Other wri
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 221 do
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 223 te
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 225 wi
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Pythagoras as ApoUon reborn 227 Sal
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 229 in
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Zeus at Delphoi 231 from Knossos^ a
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Dionysos at Delphoi 233 commemorate
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Dionysos at Delphoi 235 the same pr
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Dionysos at Delphoi 237 J. Loth in
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Dionysos at Delphoi 239 I have, how
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Dionysos at Delphoi 241 Clement of
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Dionysos displaced by Apollon 243 t
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at Delphoi ' 245 in the second Hami
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at Delphoi 247 124, 254 n.*, J. L.
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'^ at Delphoi 249 Plout. de fnus. 1
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at Delphoi 251 Daldeia in Lyclia',
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at Delphoi 253 mood\ And like enoug
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at Delphoi 255 oratory traditionall
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at Delphoi 257 the griffin which sh
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X 0) +-'
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26o Dionysos displaced by Apollon A
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262 Dionysos displaced by Apollon a
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X +-> Q.
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264 Dionysos displaced by Apollon T
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2 66 The stratification of Delphic
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268 Zeus and Dionysos which probabl
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270 Zeus and Dionysos pellatives: h
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272 p. Kretschmer's hypothesis the
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2 74 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's h
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276 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's hy
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278 Dios and Dios Nysos monly end w
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2 8o Dios and Dios Nysos De'os or D
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282 Dios and Dios Nysos compared wi
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Dios and Dios Nysos 283 two, and th
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 285 with Zeus P
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Dios and Dios Nysos 287 eastern sid
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fw^/'/^v^^/ ' /y/v^/^y^/A'/iw^^^ Dt
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 291 hand with t
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Papas and Attis 293 sobriquet stric
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The Mother-goddess and h^v pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and her pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and hcv pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and h.^v pdredro
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi
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The Kdbeiroi or Megalot Theoi 313 p
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The Kdbeiroi or Megdloi Theoi 315 k
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Zeus Didymatos 317 the former influ
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 319 p. D.
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 321 first
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The Celtic Janiform god 323 (8) The
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The Celtic Janiform god 325 Noricum
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X JS Q. •C c« CO O CO 9 e c4 U3
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328 lupiter and lanus in the Salian
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3 30 lupiter and lanus in the Salia
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332 lanus and lupiter on coins
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334 lanus and lupiter on coins Fig.
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336 lanus an older lupiter yawning
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338 lanus an older lupiter His titl
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340 Zan an older Zeus lanus, theref
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342 Zan an older Zeus anecd. Paris,
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344 ^^^ ^^ older Zeus A. F. Pott (1
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34^ Zan an older Zeus But why must
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348 Zan an older Zeus ' over agains
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350 Zan an older Zeus The same may
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352 Zan an older Zeus detects yet a
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354 lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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360 The Triumphal Arch had its sepa
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362 The goddess under the Arch (fx)
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364 Tigillum Sororium and lupiter T
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366 The god under the Arch the Foru
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368 lanus bifrontal on coins c. 92
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370 lanus bifrontal on coins series
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372 lanus bifrontal on coins Season
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374 lanus bifrontal in ritual the m
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37^ lanus bifrontal in ritual verse
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37^ The significance of lanus' doub
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380 The significance of lanus' doub
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Page 487 and 488:
386 The Sky-god's hat parison with
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388 The differentiation of associat
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390 The differentiation of Thoukydi
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the Sky-god's faces 391 and the typ
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M ns.)nif/A .VA^ Plate XXII
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. t ,.4^^/rfi^ ..,.//7r-.,.j//y,/^^
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Virbius as Dianus 393 probably brou
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Virbius as Dianus 395 things which
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Virbius as Dianus 397 hist. 25. 105
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Virbius as Dianus 399 older head is
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Diana and the Oak 401 Vicus Cuprius
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Diana and the Oak 403 change from o
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Artemis and the Oak 405 scape-relie
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Artemis and the Oak 407 the thymiat
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Artemis and the Oak 409 on leading
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Artemis and the Oak 411 much weight
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Artemis and the Oak 413 Troizen, st
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Artemis and the Oak 415 legend with
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Diana's tree at Nemi 417 introduces
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Diana's tree at Nemi 419 woodland k
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Diana's tree at Nemi 421 a priest o
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The supports of the Sky personified
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Page 542 and 543:
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546:
Plate XXIV Etruscan mirror: the Dio
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434 Twins as Children of the Sky Fi
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43 6 Kastor and Polydeukes conventi
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438 Kastor and Polydeukes after thi
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440 Romulus and Remus have us belie
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442 Romulus and Remus the type is c
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444 Zetes and Kalais princely twins
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446 Herakles and Iphikles was dispo
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44 The effeminate Twin Zeus^, or th
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45 The effeminate Twin before he pa
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452 Apollon and Artemis Iphiklos^ c
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454 ApoUon and Artemis
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45^ Apollon and Artemis his ancient
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45 8 Apollon and Artemis light of t
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460 Apollon and Artemis The Delphia
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Apollon and Artemis 461 p. Hartwig
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• Apollon and Artemis 463 The cop
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ApoUon and Artemis 465 other allusi
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ApoUon and Artemis 467 Iphitos, mak
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Apollon and Artemis 469 her days an
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Apollon and Artemis 471 names deriv
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Apollon and Artemis 473 earliest ex
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Apollon and Artemis 475 who with bi
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Apollon and Artemis • possibiliti
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ApoUon and Artemis 479 On the left
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Apollon and Artemis 481 it is permi
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Apollon and Artemis 483 190 And the
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Apollon and Artemis 485 deity assoc
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Apollon and Artemis 487 from the ne
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Apollon and Artemis 489 a liyper-Do
Page 608 and 609:
Apollon and Artemis 491 are an amph
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Apollon and Artemis 493 his argumen
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Apollon and Artemis 495 Boreas,' th
Page 614 and 615:
Apollon and Artemis 497 sometimes a
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55' Stf W iS' X. ?s '^ "^ e HY I y
Page 619 and 620:
Apollon and Artemis 499 explained a
Page 621 and 622:
Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
Page 623 and 624:
Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
Page 625 and 626:
Lightning as a weapon 505 is the so
Page 627 and 628:
Lightning as a weapon 507 earlier,
Page 629 and 630:
Lightning as a weapon 509 informati
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Lightning as a weapon 511 found in
Page 633 and 634:
The double axe in 'Minoan' cult 513
Page 635 and 636:
The double axe in mid air 515 benea
Page 638:
vH -^1 ;^^ The painted limestone sa
Page 641 and 642:
5i8 The double axe in relation trun
Page 643 and 644:
520 The double axe in relation bord
Page 645 and 646:
52 2 The double axe in relation Cer
Page 647 and 648:
524 The double axe in relation if t
Page 649 and 650:
526 The double axe in relation A su
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528 The double axe in relation a fi
Page 653 and 654:
53^ The double axe in relation Simi
Page 655 and 656:
532 The double axe in relation prec
Page 657 and 658:
534 The double axe in relation to h
Page 659 and 660:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 661 and 662:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
544 The deity of the double axe ena
Page 669 and 670:
54^ The deity of the double axe sen
Page 671 and 672:
54^ The deity of the double axe pow
Page 673 and 674:
SS^ The deity of the double axe in
Page 675 and 676:
' Antiochus 552 The deity of the do
Page 677 and 678:
554 The deity of the double axe cul
Page 679 and 680:
55^ The deity of the double axe fra
Page 681 and 682:
558 The deity of the double axe if
Page 683 and 684:
560 The double axe and Zeus JLabrdy
Page 685 and 686:
562 The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
570 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdyn
Page 695 and 696:
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
57^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 701 and 702:
57^ The double axe and Zeus luabrdy
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
582 The double axe and Zeus L,abrdy
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
586 The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdy
Page 711 and 712:
588 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdy?
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
594 The double axe and Zeus Labrdy7
Page 719:
59^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 722 and 723:
The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdyndos
Page 724 and 725:
The double axe and Zeus Lai?rdyncio
Page 726 and 727:
The double axe and the labarum 60 f
Page 728 and 729:
The double axe and the labarum 603
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
The double axe and the labaru?n 607
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
The double axe and the labarum 6 1
Page 738 and 739:
Page 740 and 741:
Zeus in the East 615 from Kameiros
Page 742 and 743:
The double axe in the West 617 othe
Page 744 and 745:
The double axe in the West 619 Not
Page 746 and 747:
The axe carried by priests and prie
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Page 750 and 751:
Page 752 and 753:
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
Page 760 and 761:
The decoration of the double axe 63
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Page 764 and 765:
Page 766 and 767:
Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
Page 774 and 775:
Page 776 and 777:
Page 778 and 779:
The duplication of the double axe 6
Page 780 and 781:
The double axes of Tenedos 655 attr
Page 782 and 783:
The double axes of Tenedos 657 Gree
Page 784 and 785:
The double axes of Tenedos 659 dian
Page 786 and 787:
The double axes of Tenedos 66i repr
Page 788 and 789:
' Minoan ' The double axes of Tened
Page 790 and 791:
The double axes of Tenedos 665 addi
Page 792 and 793:
The double axes of Tenedos 667 affi
Page 794 and 795:
The double axes of Tenedos 669 ' Ky
Page 796 and 797:
The double axes of Tenedos 671 fath
Page 798 and 799:
The double axes of Tenedos 673 (bet
Page 800 and 801:
The double axes of Tenedos 675 comb
Page 802 and 803:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 804 and 805:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 806 and 807:
sacred tree at Rhegion 68i image in
Page 808 and 809:
The axes and the sacred oaks at Dot
Page 810 and 811:
Axe-blades and axe-hafts in megalit
Page 812 and 813:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 814 and 815:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 816 and 817:
The axes of Penelope 691 The name P
Page 818 and 819:
The axes of Penelope 693 of Thrace,
Page 820 and 821:
The axes of Penelope 695 whole stor
Page 822 and 823:
The axes of Penelope 697 an appella
Page 824 and 825:
Superstitious practices with axes 6
Page 826 and 827:
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
The spear of Zeus 705 Nonnos in the
Page 832 and 833:
The spear of Zeus 707 Zeus Areios i
Page 835 and 836:
Plate XXIX Etruscan mirror: the bir
Page 837 and 838:
yio The spear of Zeus head of Zeus
Page 839 and 840:
712 The sword of Zeus lupiter, gras
Page 842 and 843:
The sword of Zeus 713 and that the
Page 844 and 845:
The sword of Zeus 715 father of the
Page 846 and 847:
The sword of Zeus 717 A terra-cotta
Page 848 and 849:
The sword of Zeus 719 presence of A
Page 850 and 851:
The sword of Zeus 721 phon^), who f
Page 852 and 853:
Gradual elimination of the thunderb
Page 854 and 855:
Page 856 and 857:
I or Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 858 and 859:
Page 860 and 861:
Page 862 and 863:
Page 864 and 865:
Page 866 and 867:
Page 868 and 869:
Page 870 and 871:
Page 872 and 873:
Page 874 and 875:
Page 876:
Bronze statuette of Zeus in the Uff
Page 880 and 881:
Page 882 and 883:
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890:
Plate XXXIV Bronze statuette found
Page 893:
75 8 Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
Page 900 and 901:
Page 902 and 903:
of the thunderbolt 765 earlier, app
Page 904 and 905:
of the thunderbolt 767 or straighti
Page 906 and 907:
of the thunderbolt 769 {c. 700 B.C.
Page 908 and 909:
of the thunderbolt 771 early kylix
Page 910 and 911:
of the thunderbolt 773 springeth up
Page 912 and 913:
of the thunderbolt 775 Friend Flowe
Page 914 and 915:
of the thunderbolt 777 were soon tr
Page 916 and 917:
of the thunderbolt 779 And H. Usene
Page 918:
:^.'^-- f- - j-i' '
Page 921 and 922:
.782 Modifications in the shape ten
Page 923 and 924:
784 Modifications in the shape conq
Page 925 and 926:
786 The thunderbolt of Zeus (7) The
Page 927 and 928:
788 The thunderbolt of Zeus suscept
Page 929 and 930:
790 The thunderbolt of Zeus In 191
Page 931 and 932:
792 The thunderbolt of Zeus point a
Page 933 and 934:
794 The thunderbolt of Zeus version
Page 935 and 936:
796 The thunderbolt of Zeus Differe
Page 937 and 938:
798 The thunderbolt of Zeus Byzanti
Page 939 and 940:
8oo The thunderbolt of Zeus But nei
Page 941 and 942:
8o2 The thunderbolt of Zeus other p
Page 943 and 944:
8o4 The thunderbolt of Zeus wuBJurw
Page 945 and 946:
8o6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios fo
Page 947 and 948:
8o8 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios ri
Page 949 and 950:
8io Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios Wi
Page 951 and 952:
8 12 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Kerawiios t
Page 953 and 954:
8 14 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios a
Page 955 and 956:
8i6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraiinios h
Page 957 and 958:
8i8 Zeus Zbelsourdos his name and n
Page 959 and 960:
820 Zeus Zbelsourdos shows the same
Page 961 and 962:
822 Zeus Zbelsourdos increase our k
Page 963 and 964:
824. The whip of Zeus This leaves t
Page 965 and 966:
826 The whip of Zeus forgotten by p
Page 967 and 968:
828 Thunder as a sound independent
Page 969:
830 Thunder as a sound (c) Thunder
Page 972 and 973:
caused bv the Chariot of Zeus 831 a
Page 974 and 975:
Zeus Bro7itatoSy Brontbn^ Brontesio
Page 976 and 977:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontm^ Brojttesios
Page 978 and 979:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 980 and 981:
Zeus Brontatos^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 982 and 983:
Retrospect 841 Further consideratio
Page 984 and 985:
Retrospect 843 over with oak-leaves
Page 986 and 987:
Retrospect 845 was seen falling fro
Page 988 and 989:
Retrospect 847 Further examples of
Page 990 and 991:
Hdrkios, ' God Retrospect 849 of Oa
Page 992 and 993:
Retrospect 851 emperors^ Coins of D
Page 995:
The main design on a krater from Ca
Page 998 and 999:
854 Retrospect On the left are Arte
Page 1000 and 1001:
856 Retrospect (Tol St) Tra
Page 1002 and 1003:
858 Retrospect iir aWore S' dWa (pe
Page 1010 and 1011:
tm ' ^- nr 2_ %^f ^HP^ JUL JUL a Xt
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Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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