Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

Apollon and Artemis 493
his argument aright) that Apollon was a term borrowed by the
Greeks from some Teutonic tongue which, Hke Gothic, represented _
the original b of the Indo-Europaean *ahcla-, *ablu-^ by a /. But,
since Apollon is well-known to Homer, this involves the assumption
that the change of Indo-Europaean b to Teutonic/ took place at a
very much earlier date {c. 1 200— 300 B.C.) than is
1
supposed {c. 200— 300 B.C.). At that remote epoch
commonly
we should
expect to find the Greeks in contact with Thracians or Illyrians
rather than with Teutons. And who can assure us that Illyrians
or Thracians pronounced ' apple ' with a / ? So for the present
Dr Rendel Harris' attractive hypothesis must remain hypothetical.
Be that as it may, the extract cited above from Apollonios of
Rhodes brings us back to the Hyperboreans again. Apollon (said
the Keltoi), when banished by Zeus from heaven, was sent—not to
Admetos king of Thessaly—but to the Hyperboreans. Once more
we are led to suspect that the Hyperborean land lay well to the
north of Greece. And the context implies that it was located at
some point on the Amber Road^ Already in neolithic times one
published a specimen in the Bibliotheque Nationale, struck by Caracalla, which shows
the trees surmounted by two birds.
[(7) Coppers of Olbia, struck probably in ^. i a.d. have ohv. OA B I
OTTO
Bust of
Apollon to right ; rev. A AA OC CATY {i.e. Ad5os laTvpov the drchoii) Nude Apollon,
who stands facing us with a kdlathos on his head, a bow and arrow in his left hand, and
a round object in his right (B. Pick in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1898 xiii.
172 f. pi. 10, 31, Miss G. M. Hirst in iht Jotirn. Hell. Stud. 1902 xxii. 253 ff. fig. 2,
E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks Cambridge 1913 pp. 473, 477 pi. 3, i6, A. von Sallet
in Ant. Miinz. Berlin Taurische Chersonesus, etc. i. 27 no. 124). As to the nature of the
round object B. Pick loc. cit. suggests ' ein Salbgefass...oder ein Granatapfel ' and
cp. the
archaic statuette of Apollon from Naxos, now in the Berlin Museum (M. Frankel in
the Arch. Zeit. 1879 xxxvii. 84 ff. pi. 7 ' Salbgefass,' E. Curtius ib. p. 97 'Granatapfel,'
A. Furtwangler in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 451 f. fig. 'ein kleines kugeliges henkelloses
Gefass,' Overbeck Gr. Kunstwyth. Apollon p. 35
ff. fig- 8 'Salbgefass,' id. Gr. Flastik*
i. 245 f. fig. 65, 2 ' Salbgefass '), together with a tetradrachm struck at Sinope in s. iii B.C.
(F. Imhoof-Blumer in the Zeitschr. f. Num. 1897 xx. 272 f. no. i pi. 10, 6, Waddington
Babelon— Reinach Monn. gr. d'As. A/in. i. 192 pi. 25, 32, Head ///st. ntim? p. 508);
but A. von Sallet loc. cit. says 'in der R. Schale ' and E. H. Minns op. cit. pi. 3, 16
speaks of ' bow and patera (?).']
' Schrader Reallex!^ p. 53.
^ On the various routes by which amber from the north reached the south of Europe
see J. N. von Sadowski Die Handelsstrassen der Griechen tind Rbiner durch das Fhiss-
gebiet der Oder, Weichscl, des Dniepr und Nieinen an die Gestade des Baltischeti Meeres
Aus dem Polnischen von A. Kohn Jena 1877, H. Genthe ' Ueber die Beziehungen der
Griechen und Romer zum Balticum ' in the Verh. d. j6. Philologenversaninil. in Karlsruhe
1882 pp. 17— 31, F. Waldmann Der Bernstein im Altertiim (Separatabdruck aus dem
Programm des livl. Landesgymnasiums fur das Jahr 1882) Fellin 1883 (pp. 37—67 'Von
dem Bernsteinhandel, dessen Betrieb, Ausbreitung und Strassen im Altertum,' p. 85 f.
' Bernsteinfunde an den Handelsstrassen '), O. Olshausen ' Uber den alten Bernsteinhandel
der cimbrischen Halbinsel und seine Beziehungen zu den Goldfunden ' in the Zeitschrift
fiir Ethnologie 1890 xxii Verhandlungen p. 270 ff., id. ' ijber den alten Bernsteinhandel