Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

45 8 Apollon and Artemis
light of two records we can perhaps follow the double trail of his
southward pilgrimage, the record concerning the Hyperboreans and
that about the sacred way from Tempe to Delphi. ...But the furthest
northern points to which we can push back the cult of Apollo are
Illyria, Thrace\ and Macedon.' Again :
' The Apolline worship at
a very early, though perhaps not the earliest, era of Hellenic
history had struck deep roots in North Greece, and from thence
spread its branches southwards and across the sea:... it was already
in some sense the common property of the leading tribes in the
north, Thessalian-Achaeans, lonians, Dryopes, and Dorians, before
the Dorian conquest of the Peloponnese and before the great
colonies were planted along the Asia Minor coast ; and hence in the
later era of expansion it became a leading cult in the cities of
Aeolis and Ionia, and dominant in the Dorian Pentapolis : the
Peloponnesian Dorians were devoted to the cults of Apollo [^Pythaeils'l
and \Kdrneios\hut both these they probably found already established
there by an earlier Dryopian immigration, while the Amyclaean
Apollo was the divinity of the Achaean, the Messenian Apollo
l^Korydos] probably of a Minyan population ;
and Apollo Lykeios
who gave his name to Lycia'^ belonged to the oldest stratum of
the religion, and his cult was the common heritage of many races.'
G. Murray at first (191 1)'' laid stress on the epic formula of appeal
to Zeus, Athena, and Apollon* as establishing the Achaean character
of all three', but later (1912)^ somewhat modified his view : 'Zeus
is the Achaean Sky-god. His son Phoebus Apollo is of more
complex make. On one side he is clearly a Northman. He has
1 ' The wide diffusion of the cult of Apollo in Thrace in the historical period, vide
Geogr. Reg. s.v. \id. ib. iv. 433], may be regarded as an inheritance from an aboriginal
period : the figure of Apollo may have emerged when the Hellenes were in Thrace, or
may have belonged equally to Thracians and Hellenes : Thomaschek's Die alten Thraker
takes the view that Thrace was his original home.' Hardly so. W. Tomaschek in the
Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien Phil. -hist. Classe 1894 cxxx. 2. 48 f. says :
' 'A7r6XXajj'...uralte Gottheit der lelegischen Aboriginer....Von einer Verehrungdes Apollon
in Thrake weiss Herodot nichts.... [Numerous dedications to Apollon in the Thracian
area are cited] Dies alles unter griechischem Einfluss und aus spaterer Zeit.' The slip is
repeated by M. \\. Swindler Cretan Elements in the Cults and Ritual of Apollo Bryn
Mawr 1 9 13 p. 12. Harrison Proleg. Gk. Rcl." p. 462 is more circumspect.
"^ Cp. Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 751 n. 2. But that Lykia was named after Apollon
K\>Kuo% is highly improbable.
^ G. Murray The Rise of the Greek Epic'^ Oxford 191 1 pp. 69, 88 ('The two clearest
gods of Homer's Achaeans are perhaps the patriarchal Zeus and his son Apollo ;
them Athena').
next to
* aX yap, Zev re irarep koX 'Adrji/airj kuI "AttoWov {11. 2. 371, 4. 288, 7. 132, 16. 97,
Od. 4. 341, 7. 311, 17. 132, 18. 235, 24. 376).
^ See, however, Harrison Themis p. 501 f.,-J. A. K. Thomson Studies in the Odyssey
Oxford 1 9 14 p. 152.
* G. Murray Four Stages of Greek Religion New York 191 2 p. 69 f.