Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

Tigillum Sororium and lupiter Tigillus 363
(fig. 256)^ Semele (?), crowned and sceptred, with the infant Dio-
nysos (?) on her arm and a goat at her feet, stands beneath a dotted
vault, which rises from two Corinthian columns. Imperial coppers
from Sinope (fig. 257)^^ show Nemesis under a two-pillared arcade.
Others from Philadelpheia (fig. 258)^ represent Aphrodite beneath
an arch with twisted columns. Others again from Pogla in Pisidia
(figs. 259, 260)* have an aniconic goddess, resembling Artemis
Pergaia, overarched by a distyle canopy. Examples such as these
and the list could be lengthened—confirm my previous'* conjecture
that the gateway or arch, so noticeable a feature in the old-fashioned
Diana-cults of central Italy, originally signified the sky raised on
its supports. Diana was thereby associated with Dianiis.
(v) The Tigillum Sororium and lupiter Tigillus.
And here we must notice one of the most curious monuments to
be seen in ancient Rome, the Tigilliim Sorormni or 'Sister's Beam",'
which spanned a narrow lane leading down from the Carinae to the
Vicus Cuprius". It was connected by tradition* with the famous
^ Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 404 no. 63, Imhoof-Blumer Gr. Miinzen p. 225
no. 744 a. Fig. 256 is from a specimen in my collection.
For the same group without the vault see Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 402 pi. 47, 3
Diadumenian Caesar, Imhoof-Blumer S/onn. gr. p. 413 no. 158 ^?/(2j-z-autonomous, no.
i6i Gordian iii, id. Gr. Miinzen p. 225 nos. 744 Macrinus and 744b pi. 13, 4 Salonina,
Jd. Kleinas. Miinzen i. 294 no. 1 7 (^/^aj-Z-autonomous, 296 no. 24 pi. 9, 18 Diadumenian
Caesar. B. V. Head in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins locc. citt. and in his Hist, nuinr p. 686
describes the type as Amaltheia carrying the infant Zeus; and Imhoof-Blumer ^rr. citt.
had done the same before him. But cp. sitj>ra i. 706 fig. 522, which favours the inter-
pretation given in the text.
^ Waddington— Babelon—Reinach Mann. gr. d'As. A/in. i. 204 pi. 27, 33 lulia
Domna, 207 pi. 28, i6 Maximinus, 208 pi. 28, 22 Tranquillina and pi. 28, 24 (=my
fig- -57) Philippus lunior, 209 no. 162 Trajan Decius == j9/7V. Mus. Cat. Coins Pontus, etc.
p. 102 pi. 23, 10.
^ Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lydia p. 199 pi. 22, 9 ( = my fig. 258) M. Aurelius, cp. p. 205
no. 96 Severus Alexander, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 461 pi. 56, 2 Severus Alexander,
F. Imhoof-Blumer Lydisclie Stadtmiinzen Genf—Leipzig 1897 p. 124 pi. 5, 14 time of
M. Aurelius.
* Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. p. 236 pi. 37, 7 ( = my fig. 259) Antoninus Pius,
p. 237 pi. 37, 8 ( = my fig. 260) Philippus Iunior = Anson Nuvi. Gr. v. 25 nos. 179 and
181 pi. 5, id. ib. V. 25 no. 180 Julia Domna, Head Hist, nicini- p. 709.
' Supra p. 160.
^ O. Gilbert Geschichte tend Topographie der Stadt A'o/n im Alterttim Leipzig 1883
1885 i. I78fif., ii. 55 ff., W. VVarde Fowler The Roman Festivals London 1899 p. 237 flf.
H. Usener ' Zwillingsbildung ' in the Strcna Helbigiaiia Lipsiae 1 900 p. 320 { = id. Kleine
Schriften Leipzig—Berlin 191 3 iv. 340), O. Richter Topograpliie der Stadt Roiii^ Mtinchen
1901 pp. 311, 343, H. Jordan—C. Huelsen Topograpliie der Stadt Rom im Alterthwn
Berlin 1907 i. 3. 322f.,W. F. Otto ' Romische " .Sondergotter " ' in the Rhein. Mus.
1909 Ixiv. 466— 468.
' Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 3. 22.
** Liv. I. 24— 26, Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 3. 13— 22, Fest. p. 297a ii ff. Miiller, p. 380,