Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

no The Trophy
' Balken,' T. H. Murray A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles Oxford 1888
i. 636^57. 'Balk, baulk.'
"* The same name was borne by a leader of the Trojans (//. 13. 791, 14. 513) and by
a son of the Argive Temenos (on whom see H. W. Stoll in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii.
2243)-
5 R. Meringer ' Zum verehrten Pflock' in Wbrter und Sachen 19091. 199—204 thinks
it possible that Phol, a Germanic deity mentioned in the second Merseburg charm, who
has been identified with a variety of unpromising persons (1?.^.
Balder, Apollo, and even
the Apostle Paul : see P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston
and London 1902 p. 126 ff., E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie"
Ilerausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 324), was a sacred post comparable with
such divinities as lupiter Tigilhis (Aug. de civ. Dei 7. 11 dixerunt eum {sc. lovem)...
Tigillum...quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret etc.), his name being
related to the Latus pahis, ' Pfahl.' Meringer's suggestion is attractive, but not altogether
free from phonetic difficulties.
^ The trophy is very frequent as a design on Greek and Roman coins : see the classi-
fied list in Rasche Lex. Num. x. 201— 25-;, and, for illustrations, Anson Nutn. Gr. ii.
106 ff. nos. 1 152— 1220 pi. 23 f. I give three typical examples.
Fig. 71 is a silver tetradrachm struck at Syracuse by Agathokles c. 310— 304 B.C. {Brit.
Mus. Cat. Coins .Sicily p. 195 f- fig-, LLunter Cat. Coins i. 238 pi. 17, 16, G. F. Hill
Coins of Ancient Sicily London 1903 p. 156
London 1906 pp. no, 112ff.pl. 8,66, Yi&z.AHist. num.'- p. i8if.fig. 105): obv. KOPAZ
f. pi. 11, I3f., id. Historical Greek Coins
head of Persephone with flowing hair; rev. AfAOOKAEIOS sc. xapa/cr^p? crar-qp}
i>ov/x/jLos? Nike with hammer and nail fastening helmet to trophy. I figure a specimen in
the McClean collection at Cambridge.
" Fig. 72 is a copper struck at Thebes c. 288—244 B.C. (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Central
Greece p. 39 pi. 6, 2, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 37, Head Hist, num."^ p. : 353) obv. head of
Athena in crested Corinthian helmet ; rev. BO I HTn N trophy. I figure a specimen in the
Leake collection at Cambridge (W. M. Leake Numismata Hellejiica London 1856
European Greece p. 29).
B.C. {Brit. Mus. Cat. Kom.
* E.g. infra § 3 (c) i (/*) an aureus struck at Rome in 49
Coins Rep. i. 505 no. 3954 pi. 49, 12, Babelon Monti, r^p. rom. ii. 17 fig., G. F. Hill
Historical Roman Coins London 1909 p. 100 f. pi. 11, 58)
: obv. female head wearing
oak-leaves and jewellery ; behind ±11 ; rev. trophy of Gallic arms (tunic, horned helmet,
shield, kdrnyx) ; on the right, an axe adorned with an animal's head ; across the field
CAE SAR.
" The best collection of evidence with regard to trophies is that by A. Reinach in
Daremberg— Saglio Diet. Ant. v. 497—518 : see also Boetticher Baumkultus pp. 71 ff.,
209, 231 figs. 55, 63, P. Wagler Die Eiche in alter und neuer 7.eit Berlin 1891 ii. 20 ff.,
and some remarks of mine in the Class. Rev. 1904 xviii 364 f., 372 n. 19, Folk-Lore 1904
XV. 373 n. 25, ib. 1905 xvi. 319 f.
The Greek trophy was dedicated to Zeus TpoTratoj (Soph. Ant. 141 ff. k-wra. \oxo-'ioi yap
i(p' eiTTa iriXaLS \
rax&^vTts
iVot Trpbs iffovs i\nrov \
Zrjvi
Tpowaii^ 7rd7xaXK'a TfXrj, Corp.
inscr. Gr. i no. 173, i f. =Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 2. 39