Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

360
The Triumphal Arch
had its separate ianus on the Hne of its own pomoerium (ianus
Curiatiiis, ianus Carmentalis, ianus Quirinus), such iani being, not
gates in a fortified wall, but arches built outside to commemorate
events of communal importance and placed under the protection of
the communal god Ianus; {b) that the unified Servian sta'te similarhhad
its ianus, the porta triuniphalis, on the enlarged pomoerial line
of the via F/arninia; and {c) that tiiis famous portal was copied and
re-copied by communal arches far and wide through the dominions
Fig. 252. Fit 2?3- Fig. 254.
of imperial Rome. Now, without necessarily endorsing the precise
lineage traced by Frothingham, we must surely admit that in point
of shape the triumphal arch^ is indistinguishable from the arch of
Ianus ;
even the four-sided variety of the former- can be paralleled
by the four-sided variety of the latter^; and, if the ia?ius Geininus
had side-windows (figs. 246 251), so on occasion had the triumphal
arch (fig. 252)^ Accordingly, I should conjectureHhat in its signifi-
cance too the arcus resembled the ian?is— in short that it represented
1 See e.g. the restoration of Titus' Arch at Rome as given by P. Graef /oc. cit. p. 1867
pi. 82 fig. 1969 after L. Canina Uarchitetttira romana Roma 1834 pi. 188.
'^ P. Graef loc. cit. p. 1889 ff. fig. 1991 describes and illustrates the four-sided arcli
erected at Oea in Tripolitana {Tripoli) by C. Calpurnius Celsus and dedicated by Ser.
Cornelius Scipio .Salvidienus Orfitus, when proconsul of Africa in 162/3 or 163/4 A.D., to
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus {Coi-p. iiiscr. Lat. viii no. 24, cp. viii Suppl. no. 10999,
with Groag in Pauly— VVissowa Real-Enc. iv. 1508). Within the coffered arches the
monument is roofed with a low dome resting on an octagonal cornice.
^ P. Graef /(?