Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

410 Artemis and the Oak
of the goddess, and so settled at Miletos^ We need not attach
back to the first or second century B.C. ; for it occurs on an Ephesian amulet of terra cotta
in the Museum at Syracuse (L. Stephani ' Ueber ein Ephesisches Amulett ' in the Milanges
gr^co-romains tires du Bulletin historico-philologiqiie de rAcademie Imp^riale des Sciences
de St.-Pitersboitrg St.-Petersbourg 1855 i. i— 5 with pi. =my fig. 314. The inscription,
plausibly described by Stephani as 'E0^(ria ypd.fj.fj.aTa (collected by C. Wessely Ephesia
Grammata aus Papyrusrollen, Inschriften, Gemmen etc. Wien 1886 pp. i — 38 and by R.
Incantamenta magica graeca latina' in i\\e. /ahrb. f. class. Philol. Suppl. 1893 xix.
Heim '
525 ff. See also E. Kuhnert in Pauly— VVissowa Real-Enc. v. 2771 ff., Lubker i^^a//^jr.*
p. 332), is in part deciphered by C. F. Graefe, who {ap. Stephani loc. cit. p. 4 n.*) would
read the first words asA'TEAi A0Z EPON, i.e. "kpreixL, (pdos lepbv, and the last as
dwapxr). The original, of which this is a blundered copy, appears to have been a hexa-
meter invocation beginning with"Apre^t, (pfo? Updv, and ending with some such phrase as
Aa/j-va/j-evrji. d^x°'J SeoaX/ce' (?) dTrapxv")- Again, the breasts of the goddess were multiplied
at some date prior to the period 159— 133 B.C. (B. V. Head On the chronological sequence
of the coins of Ephesus London 1880 p. 63
no. 144, D. G. Hogarth op. cit. p. 323) to emphasise her nutrient motherhood (cp. Folk-
Lore 1904 XV. 282). I cannot, however, agree with Mr D. G. Hogarth (op. cit. p. 323 ff.)
pi. 4, 11, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Ionia p. 63
that the whole type current in Roman times was descended from that of the irdTifia dripwv,
whose curled wings became successively heart-shaped, piriform, oval, circular, and whose
lions, degraded into meaningless lines, were finally duplicated as attendant stags.
The cult-statue at Ephesos, attributed to Endoios {c. 550 B.C.), was said to be of ebony
or, according to one witness, of vine-wood (Plin. nat. hist. 16. 213 de simulacro ipso
deae ambigitur. ceteri ex hebeno esse tradunt, Mucianus iii cos. ex iis, qui proxime viso
eo scripsere, vitigineum et numquam mutatum septies restitute templo, banc materiam
elegisse Endoeon, etc.). But the original Amazonian image, erected (priyi^ vir' einrp^fj-vu)
[supra p. 405 n. 3), was probably itself made of oak, which would blacken as the centuries
passed till it became indistinguishalile from ebony. On some statuettes of the type known
to the Greeks as woXvfxacrTos and to the Romans as inidtiviamviia (Hieron. in Paul, ad
Ephes. prolog, (xxvi. 441 Migne)) the necklace of acorns attains considerable importance
(e.g. C. Menetreius op. cit.- p. 10 pi. on right = my fig. 31-; 'Apud March. Vine. lusti-
nianum'). It is even possible that the pendent acorns first suggested the pendent
breasts.
' Schol. Kaliim. //. Zens 11 NTyXei)? 6 K65poii aTroLKiav difxevos dirb 'Adrjvwv AajSe
XpriCfibu cydpai. ^bavov rrj 'Apre/UiSt oTro irayKapTrwu fivXcov. Kal 87) irore iopTTJs TeXov/xevrj^
TTJ 'ApT^/xiSi iv T^ XiTiiJi'ri (^(TTL 8e 5t]/j.os 'Attiktjs) direXdwv evpe 8pvv irdixiroKw Kai Si.dopov
^XOv