Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

at Delphoi
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in the second Hamilton collection shows Dionysos seated with Ariadne, while a young
Satyr stands before them : all three are wreathed with bay ; Dionysos has a bay-garland
slung round his body, Ariadne a bay-branch behind her chair ; both sit beneath festoons
of bay (Tischbein Hamilton Vases ii. 78 f. pi. 45, Reinach Ri!p. Vases ii. 302, 4). Dionysos
appears elsewhere wreathed with bay, e.g. on a red-figured vase in the first Hamilton
collection ([P. F. Hugues, dit d'Hancarville] Antiqtiites ^trusques, grecijiies et romaines
Naples 1766 i pi. 104), in a wall-painting [Afonunienti ai/taranziaiii illustrati del marchese
Luigi Biondi Roma 1849 pi. 29), and on coins of Pantikapaion, Phanagoreia, and
Gorgippeia struclv. under Mithradates vi Eupator, who himself took the title of Dionysos
(E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks Cambridge 1913 p. 629 pi. 6, 8 f., pi. 9, 16 f., 23 f ;
T. Reinach Mithridate Eupator Paris 1890 pp. 49, 262, 277). Another red-figured vase
in the first Hamilton collection represents the infant Dionysos held by a Nymph seated
on a rock : before her stands Hermes, behind her a second Nymph, who carries a sprig
of bay for the child's brows (Inghirami Vas. fitt. ii. 133 pi. 194); cp. the Nymph (?)
seated on a rock, who wreathes the infant Dionysos in a wall-painting from the Villa
Farnesina (W. Helbig Fiihrer dtirch die offentlichen Sanmilimgen klassischer Altertiimer
in Rom'^ Leipzig 1913 ii. 207 f. no. 1477, A. Mau in the Ann. d. Inst. 1885 Ivii. 310 f.,
Mon. d. Inst, xii pis. 18 (coloured) and 20, G. Rodenwaldt Die Koiiiposition der potnpejanischen
Wandgemiilde Berlin 1909 p. 38). An ivory relief at Milan makes a Maenad
hold a bay-wreath towards young Dionysos riding in a car drawn by two panthers
(E. Gerhard in the Arch. Zeit. 1846 iv. 219 pi. 38, supra i. 153 n. 5). See further
L. Stephani in the Compte-rendu St. Pit. 1861 p. 59 n. 2.
^ The evidence cited by F. Lenormant in Daremberg— Saglio Diet. Ant. i. 618
n. 93 1 f. is illusive. But better grounds are given by Farnell Cults of Gk. States v. 253—256.
A red-figured kjdix attributed to Brygos, now in the Cabinet des Medailles at Paris
(no. 697, published by P. Hartwig Die griechischen Meisterschalen Stuttgart und Berlin
E. Harrison—D. 8. MacColl Greek Vase Paintings
1893 p. 309 ff. pis. 32, 33, I, J.
London 1894 p. 25 pi. 38, Farnell op. cit. v. 264 pi. 44), has for its inner design an ivy-
wreathed Dionysos playing the lyre and singing an orgiastic song as he stands between
two Satyrs, who with a flouri.sh of vine-shoots and castanets share in the ecstasy of his
performance. A red-figured kratir from Ruvo, now at Naples (no. 3240, supra i. 701
n. 4), shows Dionysos and Ariadne advancing in the midst of their thlasos, all wreathed
with ivy ; he carries a tortoise-shell lyre. Another famous vase from Ruvo, the Apulian
kratt'r representing the obsequies of Archemoros (Heydemann Vasensanivd. Neapel
p. 584 ff. no. 3255, E. Gerhard 'Archemoros und die Hesperiden ' in the Abh. d. bcrl.
Akad. 1836 Phil. -hist. Classe pp. 251 ff., 359 ff. pis. i—4 { = id. Gesammelte akademische
Abhandlungen Berlin 1866 i. i— 98 pis. i—4) and also in the Nouv. Ann. 1836 i.
352—356 with pis. 5 f., id. II vaso dalV Archemoro Roma 1837 pp. i—4 pis. t—3,
Inghirami Vas. fitt. iv. 98 ff. pis. 371—373, Overbeck Gall. her. Bildw. i. ii4fif. Atlas
pi. 4, 3, supra i. 456 n. 5), includes in the top left-hand corner of its principal face the
figure of Dionysos reclining on cushions and a skin spread over vine-leaves beneath a
vine-branch : he holds in his left hand a lyre, in his right a phidle, which a young Satyr
is about to fill ; below him stands Euneos, eponym of the Euneidai, an Athenian clan of
Kidapifidoi or KLdapiarai (Harpokr. s.v. EvveiSai, Hesych. s.z>. 'Evvei5aL, cp. Phot. lex. s.v.
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