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Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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350<br />

Zan an older <strong>Zeus</strong><br />

The same may be said of the ritual chant at Dodona, where the<br />

Peleiades are reported to have sung :<br />

<strong>Zeus</strong> was, <strong>Zeus</strong> is, <strong>Zeus</strong> shall be : O<br />

Earth sends up fruits ;<br />

Great <strong>Zeus</strong> !<br />

so hymn ye Mother Earth V<br />

The epithet ' Great <strong>Zeus</strong> ' <strong>in</strong>cHnes me to suspect that here too <strong>Zeus</strong><br />

had displaced Zan. M. Mayer's notion that the older name of<br />

the god (*Djan, Zmi) has survived <strong>in</strong> the modern /dn<strong>in</strong>a^ is, I fear,<br />

a simple mirage^ But it is tempt<strong>in</strong>g to seek, with R. Meister, the<br />

female counterpart of Zan <strong>in</strong> *Dia<strong>in</strong>a^ or *Diane^, the weak forms<br />

correspond<strong>in</strong>g with the strong form Dione^.<br />

Sitzungsber. d. Heidelb. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil. -hist. Classe 19 15 Abh. v, id. ' Nochmals<br />

zum Tod des grossen Pan ' <strong>in</strong> the Wiener Studien 1916 xxxviii. 343— 376.<br />

1 Paus. 10. 12. 10 ra.% IleXeidSaj (so F. Sylbuig for IleXidSas codd.) ht ^rjfxovdrji re <strong>in</strong><br />

irpoTepas -^eviadai Xeyovat, Kal q.cai yvvatKuiv irptbras rdSe to, Ittti ' Zeiis ijv, Zei>j icrri {f(7Tiv<br />

I<br />

codd. Pc. M. Vb. Vn. In cod. La. the v is erased), <strong>Zeus</strong> ^ffcrerai (so cod. Pa. icrerai codd.<br />

cett.)" c3 yu.e7dXe ZeC. Kap7roi>s dj'iet (so codd. Pd. Ag. dctfi cod. Pc. d^iet codd. cett. ),<br />

Pa<br />

dib /cXijfeTe fi-aripa (so L. D<strong>in</strong>dorf for ixrjTipa codd.) Talav.<br />

'^ M. Mayer /)/> Giganteit und Titanen Berl<strong>in</strong> 1887 p. 83 n. 71.<br />

^ See W. M. Leake Travels <strong>in</strong> Northern Greece London 1835 '^'- 13° ' To. 'Iwdi'j'ti'a, as<br />

the name of this city occurs <strong>in</strong> the Byzant<strong>in</strong>e history, and is still written by ecclesiastics,<br />

is corrupted <strong>in</strong> the vulgar idiom to ^\a.vviva, 'Idceya, Pidvera, or more frequently Ftdi'vi/'a,<br />

from whence the Italian form Giann<strong>in</strong>a. The ord<strong>in</strong>ary pronunciation conforms to the<br />

vulgar spell<strong>in</strong>g, and may be nearly represented <strong>in</strong> English by Yann<strong>in</strong>a ; but the better<br />

educated not only adhere to the orthography derived from the name 'Iwdi'i'r;?, but preserve<br />

also the sound of the omega <strong>in</strong> vocal utterance.' This paragraph was penned while Leake<br />

was stay<strong>in</strong>g at ' loann<strong>in</strong>a ' <strong>in</strong> July, 1809.<br />

* Apollod. ap. schol. Od. 3. 91 wj koI ^"H/aa Aiaff?; {bia.lvri codd. H.Q. hi.(>vr\ cod. M.<br />

P. Buttmann cj. Atcii'T)). C. A. Lobeck Pathologiae sermonis Graeci prolegomena Lipsiae<br />

1843 p. 32 n. 27 and K. W. D<strong>in</strong>dorf <strong>in</strong> Stephanus Thes. Gr. L<strong>in</strong>g. ii. 1595 C accept<br />

Buttmann's Aicii'17. W. Pape— G. E. Benseler lVdrte7-bnch dcr griechischen Eigennamen'^<br />

Braunschweig 1875<br />

i- ^9^ ^''^ ^^^s positive :<br />

' Aiaivr), f. oiM. Aluivti,' etc. C. T. Angermann<br />

<strong>in</strong> the Slitdien zur grier.hischen und late<strong>in</strong>ischett Grammatik ed. by G. Curtius Leipzig<br />

1868 i. 59 n. I defends AialvTj :<br />

' Sed quidni Dodonaei Aiaivri, quam formam regularem esse<br />

cognovimus, servari (sie) potuer<strong>in</strong>t ? ' F<strong>in</strong>ally, R. Meister <strong>in</strong> the Ber. sacks. Gesellsch. d.<br />

Wiss. Phil. -hist. Classe 1894 p. 201 says :<br />

' Dass der Scholiast oder se<strong>in</strong>e Quelle Aiaivr}<br />

mit -T) schrieb statt Alaiva mit dem alle<strong>in</strong> berechtigten -d, ist e<strong>in</strong> Fehler, den bereits<br />

Welcker, Gr. Gotterlehre I, 353 [" Aiaivv (Aiaiva)"] corrigirt hat.'<br />

^ See <strong>in</strong>/ra n. 6, and cp. the formation of evStacos (P<strong>in</strong>d. 01. 9. 146 f. \j/vxpo-v...<br />

eiSiavbv (papfxaKov avpav. In Pyth. 5. 10 J. G. J. Hermann and A. Boeckh read euSta/'os<br />

for €v8ia.v ds K.T.X. with J. G. Schneider, who cited evdiavr]" from the cod. Voss. of Plat.<br />

le££. 919 A ev8i.eLV7iv yakrivyiv—see Steph. Thes. Gr. L<strong>in</strong>g. iii. 2224 b).<br />

® R. Meister 'Uber die Namen : "Ait&y??, Z^i/, Zav " ' <strong>in</strong> the Ber. sacks. Gesellsck. d.<br />

Wiss. Phil. -hist. Classe 1894 p. 200 ff. :<br />

' Wir f<strong>in</strong>den auf griechischem Boden die starke<br />

Form dieses -g«-Stammes vertreten mit f-Farbung des Suffixvocals <strong>in</strong> dii-on-: *Axuv,<br />

AiwvTi, und mit s-Farbung <strong>in</strong> di-en- : Zrjv. *Alwv, Aidifr; waren die altdodonjiischen<br />

Himmelsgotter ; fiir den Namen *Aicov trat spater <strong>Zeus</strong>Ndios e<strong>in</strong>, der Name Aiwvri erhielt<br />

sich. Neben diesen beiden starken Stammformen ^Aiuv und Zrju lassen sich im Griech-<br />

ischen zwei schwache Stammformen nachweisen : (i) 8u-av- (d.i. urspr. dii-fi- vor Vocalen<br />

und vor it) <strong>in</strong> Alaiva, (2) Bi-av- (d.i. urspr. di-n-, ebenso vor Vocalen und vor i) <strong>in</strong> Zdv-,<br />

dem Ausgangspunkt fiir die Neubildung des Flexionssystems Zav, Zac6s E<strong>in</strong> zweite<br />

Bildung von diesem schwachen Stanmi du-av- wiirden wir <strong>in</strong> diaivu) "befeuchte" vor uns

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