Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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Attis in relation to Christianity 305 I add a northern parallel to the Christianisation of the Phrygian tree-cult. The Gos- forth Cross (C. A. Parker The Ancient Crosses at Gosforth, Cumberland 'London 1896 with pis. and figs, of which pi. i=my fig. 195 and pi. 2 my fig. 196, id. The Gos/orth District: its Antiquities and Places of Interest Kendal 1904 pp. 80—92 with figs.) is a red sandstone monolith (14^ ft high) still standing S. of the church at Gosforth in Cumberland. A fellow- cross of much the same design formerly stood some 7 ft away, but was cut down in 1 789 to serve as a sun-dial. Between the two crosses was a horizontal stone, on which was carved the figure of a large sword. The extant shaft, which rises from a rectangular threestepped base, is circular in section below (40 ins round) but oblong above (6x5 ins) and supports a wheel-shaped head (20 ins across). The whole monurhent is carved to look like a tree : tlie bole is patterned as if half-covered with bark, and the interlaced lines higher up are suggestive of branches. All four sides, where the trunk has been, so to say, squared, exhibit carvings susceptible of a twofold interpretation, either Scandinavian or Christian. G. Stephens dated them c. 680 A.D. ; but S. Bugge assigned them to s. ix a.d., and C. A. Parker now places them as late as c. 950— 1050 a.d. The subjects represented run, from bottom to top, as follows : (ii) iVestern series. Loki bound beneath snake, whose venom drips upon him : Sigyn, his wife, catches venom in cup = .Satan bound. Odhin on his horse Sleipnir rides down to Mimir's well at one of the roots of Yggdrasil : Heimdallr the sentinel with the Gjallarhorn keeps back the wolf-serpents Hati and Sk2ll = Death on the pale horse overcome by Christ the shephertl, who defies the powers of evil. A wolf-headed monster, the progeny of the wolf Fenrir, attacking the solar wheel = A devil attacking the cross, Southern series. Odhin riding through the hall [fi] of serpents on Nastrand = Christ trampling on Satan. The wolf Fenrir and the Midhgardh-serpent attacking the hart Eikthyrnir = 'rhe powers of evil attacking the hart, symbol of Christ. Fenrir as a wolf-headed monster gagged by Thor's sword = Leviathan tamed. Serpent attacking the solar wheel = Devil attacking the cross, (c) Eastern series. Ser- pents beneath the feet of Nanna, the faithful wife of Baldr : blind Il^dhr with a lance of mistletoe stabs Baldr, son of Odhin — The serpent's head bruised by the heel of the woman, Mary Magdalene with her aldbastron : Longinus the blind soldier with his lance stabs Christ on the cross. Head- less monster = Evil subdued. Vidharr, son of Odhin, slays '^' " the wolf-serpent Fenrir, whose jaw he rends open with left arm and right foot = The descent of Christ into hell. Fenrir attacking the solar wheel = Devil attacking the cross, (il) Northern series. Endless interlacing = Symbol of eternity. Odhin on Sleipnir overcome by Fenrir at the end of the world = Death on the pale horse overcome by Christ. Odhin battling with the fire-demon Surtr = Christ as conqueror: Satan cast down from heaven. The solar wheel = the cross. Several of these bilingual interpretations are far from certain. Here it is in point to notice an alternative explanation of the central scene on the eastern face. C. A. Parker comments: ' Baldur the beautiful, or, Odin hanging on the tree self sacrificed.' The latter view, that of the Rev. W. S. Calverley, is based on Hdvaindl 138 f., a remarkable passage translated by H. M. Chadwick The Cult of Othin London 1899 p. 72 thus: ' 138. " I know that I hung full nine nights on the gallows tree (or " windy tree") wounded by the javelin and given to Othin, myself to myself; on that tree, of which no one knows from whose roots it proceeds." 139. "They cheered me (or " assuaged my hunger and thirst") neither with bread nor drink ; I looked down and took up runes, took them up crying; from thence I fell again.'" Prof. Chadwick ib. p. 80 notes : ' Othin is both the person sacrificed and the person to whom the sacrifice is offered. There is no indication that Othin was also the sacrificer or that the sacrifice was voluntary C. n. 20
3o6 Attis in relation to Christianity blaze of light, the words of comfort whispered by the priest Courage, ye mystics of the god now saved ; Salvation shall be ours from all our woes ^ ! No less suggestive was the teaching connected with the taurobolium^ and criobolhim'^. In all the Zeus-cults of the Mediterranean world the bull and the ram play their part as centres of procreative powers And by this dread baptism in their blood and reception of their vital forces'* the worshipper (I quote a Roman altar of the fourth century) was 'reborn to life eternaP.' The devotee of Attis belonged on the part of the victim.' But, if those Eddie stanzas represent a genuine Norse beHef, the sacrifice of Odhin to Odhin on the gallows tree might well be taken as the nearest pagan parallel to the crucifixion of Christ. ^ Firm. Mat. 22. i nocte quadam simulacrum in lectica supinum ponitur et per numeros digestis fletibus plangitur : deinde cum se ficta lamentatione satiaverint, lumen infertur : tunc a sacerdote omnium qui flebant fauces unguentuv, quibus perunctis sacerdos hoc lento murmure susurrat : dappilre fivaTaL rod deov (Teacjcr/j.ei'ov \ 'earai yap rip.iv (k irbvuv auTTjpla. That the allusion is to the rites of Attis appears from Firm. Mat. 3. i ff., cp. Damaskios v. Isid. ap. Phot. bibl. p. 345 a 5 ff. Bekker Tore t^ 'lepairdXei iyKadev- drjaas idoKovv 6vap b" Arrris yiviadai, KaL p.01 iniTeXeljOat. wapa rrjs fnjrpbs tQv dtwv ttjv rwv 'IXapLuv KoXovixivojv eopr-qv dwep edrjXov rrjv c| q.Sov yeyovviav Tifj-dv (joirripiav. - Supra i. ^17 n. 2, H. Graillot Le ctilte dc Cybcle Mh-e des dieux a Rome et dans Vem- pire remain Paris 1912 p. 153 ^ Supra i. 428 ff., 633 ff., 716 ff., 779. ^ Wissowa Rel. Kull. J\om.^ p. 325 : ff., Frazer Golden Bongli^ : Adonis Attis Osiris'* i. 274 ff. ' eine besondere, nicht vollig aufgekljirte Rolle spielen beim Opfer die Hoden (vires) des Stieres ' citing Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 510, 3 ff. = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4127, 3 ff. (Lactorain Aquitania) vires escelpit Eutyche|tis, xiii no. 1751, ioff. = Dessau no. 4131, 10 ff. (Lugdunum) vires excepit et a Vaticano transjtulit, ara et bucranium | tauri, I quo propri(e) ] 525, 3 ff. =Dessau no. 4129, 3 | pub(lice) fact(um) | per suo inpendio consacravit, xiii no. 522, 3 ff. (Lactora) vires tauropo|lium pub(lice) fac|tum fecerat, | consacravit, ft". (Lactora) vires tauri, quo proprie | xiii no. per tauropojlium consacravit, xii no. 1567, 20 f =Dessau no. 4140, 20 f. (Dea fecerat, Augusta Vocontiorum) loco vires conjditae. H. Graillot op. cit. p. J55 n. 6 adds Ephem. epigr. 1899 viii. 118 no. 455 (Liternum) sacerdos | [MJatris deum | [?At]hamas condidit (^. z;w(rr. Za/. V no. 6961 f = Dessau no. 4158 f (Taurini) viribus | Aeterni | taurobolio | Sempronia | Eutocia and viri[b]us | Aeterni | taurobolio | P. Ulattius | Priscus. So Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 573 = Dessau no. 4157 (altar at Burdigala with ram's head on one side, hdrpe and Phrygian cap on other side) natalici virib(us) | lullina I et Valer(ia) lul(ia) Sancta. Elsewhere the Vires are personified and associated with a variety of water-divinities, viz. Neptunus [Corp. inscr. Lat. v no. 4285 = Dessau no. 329 1 ), Lymphae [Corp. inscr. Lat. v no. 5648 = Dessau no. 3871), Nymphae {Corp. inscr. Lat. xi no. ii62=Dessau no. 3870), Fons and (Aqua) Ventina [Co7p. inscr. Lat. ix no. 3351 = Dessau no. 5781), Deus Magnus Pantheus {Corp. inscr. Lat. v no. 5798 = Dessau no. 3997), or worshipped on their own account {Corp. inscr. Lat. v nos. 1964, 8247, 8248). Their cult apparently implies the belief that running water is the seminal fluid of a deity. See further H. Hepding Attis seine Mythen und sein Kidt Gieszen 1903 p. 191 f and sttpra i. 882 Index ii s.v. 'Testicles.' ^ Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. sio = Orelli Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 2352 = Wilmanns Ex. inscr. Lat. no. 110= Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4152 a marble altar decorated with reliefs (on right side, a pine-tree, from which hang flutes and Phrygian cap, with a ram ; on left side, a pine-tree, from which hang timbrel and pipe, with a bull; on back, iorchts, patera, and vessels) and inscribed : Dis | magnis | Matri deum et Attidi Se|xtilius Agesilaus Aedesius |
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'^ff' ]"W, ':'.'} :'.' !:; ii;:i;;l
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ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGION VO
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V ^ ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGIO
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viii Preface worth putting into a b
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X Preface willing to devote themsel
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xii Preface Prof. R. C. Bosanquet,
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xiv Preface illustration of Volume
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XVI Contents iv. Zeus and Dionysos
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XVlll Contents PART II Appendix A.
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XX List of Plates to face PLATE pag
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ABBREVIATIONS This List of Abbrevia
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Abbreviations xxv and Lesbos 1894 b
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Abbreviations xxix i (Alpes Maritim
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Abbreviations xxxi Antiken Bildiver
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Abbreviations xxxiii Inscr. Gr. Del
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Abbreviations xxxv L. Meyer //andd.
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Abbreviations xxxvii iii Die Bildwe
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Abbreviations xxxix i^xi (Tomi i—
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Abbreviations xli Sitzzifigsber. d.
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Abbreviations xliii Welcker Gr. Goi
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2 Zeus lightens, thunders, rains, e
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4 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Peo
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6 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Mag
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8 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' reg
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I o The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' p
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12 Zeus Keraunos zoistic stage was
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i^. Zeus Kataibdtes a learned treat
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1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes Som
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1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes mem
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20 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes th
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22 The Zeus-struck man in Elysium w
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24 Death by lightning as euthanasia
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;eum : Zeus in pursuit of Semele. S
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Death by lightning as euthanasia 25
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Death by lightning as euthanasia 27
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The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
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The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
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» Zoroastres 33 of the Rufinian mo
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Zoroastres 3 5 statement in a somew
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The Elysian Way 37 Again, in an equ
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The Elysian Way 39 There is a road
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The Elysian Way 41 ignored by them
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The Elysian Way 43 Way'. Again, Emp
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The Sky-Pillar in Italy 45 facilita
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The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
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The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
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The Irminsul 51 (in Marti TJiingso^
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The Irminsul 53 the sign and symbol
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The Irmi7tsul 55 witness to the ter
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lupiter-Columns 57 vehicle of the s
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lupiter-Columns 59 Seasons, the qua
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lupiter-Columns 6i children with a
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lupiter-Coiumns 63 with his club is
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lupiter-Columns 65 Minerva is Holda
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lupiter-Columns 67 This hypothesis,
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lupiter-Columns 69 possibly it symb
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lupiter-Columns 71 occupied either
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n M Fig- 31- lupiter-Columns 73 Fig
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lupiter-Columns 75 barbaric head an
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The Jupiter-Column of Saverne. Plat
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78 lupiter-Columns spokes as he rea
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8o lupiter-Columns sometimes has as
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82 lupiter-Columns So far, then, we
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84 lupiter-Columns is preceded by a
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86 lupiter-Columns a flash of light
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8 8 lupiter-Columns PreserverV in a
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90 lupiter-Columns ascending order
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92 lupiter-Columns {le Bourg d'Angs
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The Column of Mayence 93 oak at Rem
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The Column of Mayence 95 and Minerv
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The Column of Mayence 97 lower drum
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The Column of Mayence 99 Verticordi
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Commemorative Columns lOI Antoninus
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Commemorative Columns 103 '9' 7 PP-
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Commemorative Columns 105 recognise
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Commemorative Columns 107 of decora
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The Trophy 109 And pillars lopped t
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The Trophy III that of La Turbie ne
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The Trophy 113 IViss. Phil. -hist.
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and the Soul-Ladder 115 blaze or sh
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and the Soul-Ladder 117 Dec. 13), t
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and the Soul-Ladder 119 be itself o
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and the Soul-Ladder 121 — How, ex
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Amphora from Capua, now in the Brit
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and the Soul-Ladder 123 de PArt vi.
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Plate VI Polychrome hydria from Kyr
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and the Soul-Ladder 125 In support
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and the Soul-Ladder 127 Such belief
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and the Soul-Ladder 129 and corresp
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and the Soul-Ladder 131 sLimably ve
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and the Soul-Ladder 133 Now \}[\dX
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and the Soul-Ladder 135 Ladder of P
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and the Soul-Ladder 137 Ladder of t
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a. c o • I— _> C/3 ca J3 Si !-i
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140 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia abid
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142 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia stan
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144 Diana-Pillars vase, complete th
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146 Diana-Pillars Steps give access
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148 Diana-Pillars broad ribands. Ra
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I50 Diana-Pillars disk, from which
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152 Diana-Pillars Fig. 92. kais. de
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154 Diana-Pillars bronze shrines fr
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156 vL ^*w ^ 05 JiZ. < — L < Dian
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158 Diana-Pillars pillar : the pend
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i6o Agyieus-ViW'Sir^ tionof the sam
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1 6 2 y4gjieus-Vi\\3.rs in lllyria,
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1 64 Agyieus-V\\\2ixs fact, the tit
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1 66 0?npha/6s and Pillar dence tha
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i68 Omphalos and Pillar have been w
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lyo The Delphic Omphalos which cert
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172 The Delphic Omphalos Fig. 118.
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174 The Delphic Omphalos well have
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Three views of the inscribed omphal
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176 The Delphic Omphalds the earth-
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178 The Delphic Omphalos who are kn
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i8o The Delphic Omphalos in all pro
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l82 The Delphic Omphalos of honour
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The Delphic O^nphalos 183 and sundr
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The Delphic Omphalos 185 fillets an
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 187 at the co
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 189 were two,
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The Delphic Omphalos 191 aetiology
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Plate XI (a) Altar as represented o
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194 The Delphic Tripod Fig. 134.
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196 The Delphic Tripod lebes restin
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198 The Delphic Tripod 'The tripod
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The Cliigi base at Dresden, represe
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200 The Delphic Tripod Pythian vict
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202 The Delphic Tripod art-type tra
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204 The Delphic Tripod ApoUon in th
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2o6 The Delphic Tripod is finely co
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2o8 The Pythia as Bride of Apollon
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210 The Pythia and the phetic pries
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Hydria in the Fitzwilliam Museum, C
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Caldron of Apotlleosis 213 that the
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Caldron of Apotheosis 215 Euripides
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Caldron of Apotheosis 217 Ephoros,
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Caldron of Apotheosis 219 Other wri
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 221 do
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 223 te
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 225 wi
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Pythagoras as ApoUon reborn 227 Sal
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 229 in
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Zeus at Delphoi 231 from Knossos^ a
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Dionysos at Delphoi 233 commemorate
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Dionysos at Delphoi 235 the same pr
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Dionysos at Delphoi 237 J. Loth in
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Dionysos at Delphoi 239 I have, how
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Dionysos at Delphoi 241 Clement of
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Dionysos displaced by Apollon 243 t
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at Delphoi ' 245 in the second Hami
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at Delphoi 247 124, 254 n.*, J. L.
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'^ at Delphoi 249 Plout. de fnus. 1
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at Delphoi 251 Daldeia in Lyclia',
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at Delphoi 253 mood\ And like enoug
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at Delphoi 255 oratory traditionall
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at Delphoi 257 the griffin which sh
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X 0) +-'
Page 353 and 354: 26o Dionysos displaced by Apollon A
Page 355 and 356: 262 Dionysos displaced by Apollon a
Page 359 and 360: X +-> Q.
Page 361 and 362: 264 Dionysos displaced by Apollon T
Page 363 and 364: 2 66 The stratification of Delphic
Page 365 and 366: 268 Zeus and Dionysos which probabl
Page 367 and 368: 270 Zeus and Dionysos pellatives: h
Page 369 and 370: 272 p. Kretschmer's hypothesis the
Page 371 and 372: 2 74 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's h
Page 373 and 374: 276 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's hy
Page 375 and 376: 278 Dios and Dios Nysos monly end w
Page 377 and 378: 2 8o Dios and Dios Nysos De'os or D
Page 379 and 380: 282 Dios and Dios Nysos compared wi
Page 382 and 383: Dios and Dios Nysos 283 two, and th
Page 384 and 385: Dios and Dfos Nysos 285 with Zeus P
Page 386 and 387: Dios and Dios Nysos 287 eastern sid
Page 388 and 389: fw^/'/^v^^/ ' /y/v^/^y^/A'/iw^^^ Dt
Page 390 and 391: Dios and Dfos Nysos 291 hand with t
Page 392 and 393: Papas and Attis 293 sobriquet stric
Page 394 and 395: The Mother-goddess and h^v pdredros
Page 396 and 397: The Mother-goddess and her pdredros
Page 398 and 399: The Mother-goddess and hcv pdredros
Page 400 and 401: The Mother-goddess and h.^v pdredro
Page 402 and 403: Attis in relation to Christianity 3
Page 406 and 407: Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi
Page 412 and 413: The Kdbeiroi or Megalot Theoi 313 p
Page 414 and 415: The Kdbeiroi or Megdloi Theoi 315 k
Page 416 and 417: Zeus Didymatos 317 the former influ
Page 418 and 419: Zeus duplicated on a gem 319 p. D.
Page 420 and 421: Zeus duplicated on a gem 321 first
Page 422 and 423: The Celtic Janiform god 323 (8) The
Page 424 and 425: The Celtic Janiform god 325 Noricum
Page 427 and 428: X JS Q. •C c« CO O CO 9 e c4 U3
Page 429 and 430: 328 lupiter and lanus in the Salian
Page 431 and 432: 3 30 lupiter and lanus in the Salia
Page 433 and 434: 332 lanus and lupiter on coins
Page 435 and 436: 334 lanus and lupiter on coins Fig.
Page 437 and 438: 336 lanus an older lupiter yawning
Page 439 and 440: 338 lanus an older lupiter His titl
Page 441 and 442: 340 Zan an older Zeus lanus, theref
Page 443 and 444: 342 Zan an older Zeus anecd. Paris,
Page 445 and 446: 344 ^^^ ^^ older Zeus A. F. Pott (1
Page 447 and 448: 34^ Zan an older Zeus But why must
Page 449 and 450: 348 Zan an older Zeus ' over agains
Page 451 and 452: 350 Zan an older Zeus The same may
Page 453 and 454: 352 Zan an older Zeus detects yet a
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354 lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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360 The Triumphal Arch had its sepa
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362 The goddess under the Arch (fx)
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364 Tigillum Sororium and lupiter T
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366 The god under the Arch the Foru
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368 lanus bifrontal on coins c. 92
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370 lanus bifrontal on coins series
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372 lanus bifrontal on coins Season
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374 lanus bifrontal in ritual the m
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37^ lanus bifrontal in ritual verse
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37^ The significance of lanus' doub
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380 The significance of lanus' doub
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386 The Sky-god's hat parison with
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388 The differentiation of associat
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390 The differentiation of Thoukydi
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the Sky-god's faces 391 and the typ
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M ns.)nif/A .VA^ Plate XXII
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. t ,.4^^/rfi^ ..,.//7r-.,.j//y,/^^
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Virbius as Dianus 393 probably brou
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Virbius as Dianus 395 things which
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Virbius as Dianus 397 hist. 25. 105
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Virbius as Dianus 399 older head is
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Diana and the Oak 401 Vicus Cuprius
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Diana and the Oak 403 change from o
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Artemis and the Oak 405 scape-relie
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Artemis and the Oak 407 the thymiat
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Artemis and the Oak 409 on leading
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Artemis and the Oak 411 much weight
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Artemis and the Oak 413 Troizen, st
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Artemis and the Oak 415 legend with
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Diana's tree at Nemi 417 introduces
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Diana's tree at Nemi 419 woodland k
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Diana's tree at Nemi 421 a priest o
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The supports of the Sky personified
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Plate XXIV Etruscan mirror: the Dio
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434 Twins as Children of the Sky Fi
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43 6 Kastor and Polydeukes conventi
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438 Kastor and Polydeukes after thi
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440 Romulus and Remus have us belie
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442 Romulus and Remus the type is c
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444 Zetes and Kalais princely twins
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446 Herakles and Iphikles was dispo
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44 The effeminate Twin Zeus^, or th
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45 The effeminate Twin before he pa
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452 Apollon and Artemis Iphiklos^ c
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454 ApoUon and Artemis
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45^ Apollon and Artemis his ancient
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45 8 Apollon and Artemis light of t
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460 Apollon and Artemis The Delphia
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Apollon and Artemis 461 p. Hartwig
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• Apollon and Artemis 463 The cop
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ApoUon and Artemis 465 other allusi
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ApoUon and Artemis 467 Iphitos, mak
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Apollon and Artemis 469 her days an
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Apollon and Artemis 471 names deriv
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Apollon and Artemis 473 earliest ex
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Apollon and Artemis 475 who with bi
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Apollon and Artemis • possibiliti
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ApoUon and Artemis 479 On the left
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Apollon and Artemis 481 it is permi
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Apollon and Artemis 483 190 And the
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Apollon and Artemis 485 deity assoc
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Apollon and Artemis 487 from the ne
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Apollon and Artemis 489 a liyper-Do
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Apollon and Artemis 491 are an amph
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Apollon and Artemis 493 his argumen
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Apollon and Artemis 495 Boreas,' th
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Apollon and Artemis 497 sometimes a
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55' Stf W iS' X. ?s '^ "^ e HY I y
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Apollon and Artemis 499 explained a
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Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
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Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
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Lightning as a weapon 505 is the so
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Lightning as a weapon 507 earlier,
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Lightning as a weapon 509 informati
Page 631 and 632:
Lightning as a weapon 511 found in
Page 633 and 634:
The double axe in 'Minoan' cult 513
Page 635 and 636:
The double axe in mid air 515 benea
Page 638:
vH -^1 ;^^ The painted limestone sa
Page 641 and 642:
5i8 The double axe in relation trun
Page 643 and 644:
520 The double axe in relation bord
Page 645 and 646:
52 2 The double axe in relation Cer
Page 647 and 648:
524 The double axe in relation if t
Page 649 and 650:
526 The double axe in relation A su
Page 651 and 652:
528 The double axe in relation a fi
Page 653 and 654:
53^ The double axe in relation Simi
Page 655 and 656:
532 The double axe in relation prec
Page 657 and 658:
534 The double axe in relation to h
Page 659 and 660:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 661 and 662:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
544 The deity of the double axe ena
Page 669 and 670:
54^ The deity of the double axe sen
Page 671 and 672:
54^ The deity of the double axe pow
Page 673 and 674:
SS^ The deity of the double axe in
Page 675 and 676:
' Antiochus 552 The deity of the do
Page 677 and 678:
554 The deity of the double axe cul
Page 679 and 680:
55^ The deity of the double axe fra
Page 681 and 682:
558 The deity of the double axe if
Page 683 and 684:
560 The double axe and Zeus JLabrdy
Page 685 and 686:
562 The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
570 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdyn
Page 695 and 696:
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
57^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 701 and 702:
57^ The double axe and Zeus luabrdy
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
582 The double axe and Zeus L,abrdy
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
586 The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdy
Page 711 and 712:
588 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdy?
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
594 The double axe and Zeus Labrdy7
Page 719:
59^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 722 and 723:
The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdyndos
Page 724 and 725:
The double axe and Zeus Lai?rdyncio
Page 726 and 727:
The double axe and the labarum 60 f
Page 728 and 729:
The double axe and the labarum 603
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
The double axe and the labaru?n 607
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
The double axe and the labarum 6 1
Page 738 and 739:
Page 740 and 741:
Zeus in the East 615 from Kameiros
Page 742 and 743:
The double axe in the West 617 othe
Page 744 and 745:
The double axe in the West 619 Not
Page 746 and 747:
The axe carried by priests and prie
Page 748 and 749:
Page 750 and 751:
Page 752 and 753:
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
Page 760 and 761:
The decoration of the double axe 63
Page 762 and 763:
Page 764 and 765:
Page 766 and 767:
Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
Page 774 and 775:
Page 776 and 777:
Page 778 and 779:
The duplication of the double axe 6
Page 780 and 781:
The double axes of Tenedos 655 attr
Page 782 and 783:
The double axes of Tenedos 657 Gree
Page 784 and 785:
The double axes of Tenedos 659 dian
Page 786 and 787:
The double axes of Tenedos 66i repr
Page 788 and 789:
' Minoan ' The double axes of Tened
Page 790 and 791:
The double axes of Tenedos 665 addi
Page 792 and 793:
The double axes of Tenedos 667 affi
Page 794 and 795:
The double axes of Tenedos 669 ' Ky
Page 796 and 797:
The double axes of Tenedos 671 fath
Page 798 and 799:
The double axes of Tenedos 673 (bet
Page 800 and 801:
The double axes of Tenedos 675 comb
Page 802 and 803:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 804 and 805:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 806 and 807:
sacred tree at Rhegion 68i image in
Page 808 and 809:
The axes and the sacred oaks at Dot
Page 810 and 811:
Axe-blades and axe-hafts in megalit
Page 812 and 813:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 814 and 815:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 816 and 817:
The axes of Penelope 691 The name P
Page 818 and 819:
The axes of Penelope 693 of Thrace,
Page 820 and 821:
The axes of Penelope 695 whole stor
Page 822 and 823:
The axes of Penelope 697 an appella
Page 824 and 825:
Superstitious practices with axes 6
Page 826 and 827:
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
The spear of Zeus 705 Nonnos in the
Page 832 and 833:
The spear of Zeus 707 Zeus Areios i
Page 835 and 836:
Plate XXIX Etruscan mirror: the bir
Page 837 and 838:
yio The spear of Zeus head of Zeus
Page 839 and 840:
712 The sword of Zeus lupiter, gras
Page 842 and 843:
The sword of Zeus 713 and that the
Page 844 and 845:
The sword of Zeus 715 father of the
Page 846 and 847:
The sword of Zeus 717 A terra-cotta
Page 848 and 849:
The sword of Zeus 719 presence of A
Page 850 and 851:
The sword of Zeus 721 phon^), who f
Page 852 and 853:
Gradual elimination of the thunderb
Page 854 and 855:
Page 856 and 857:
I or Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 858 and 859:
Page 860 and 861:
Page 862 and 863:
Page 864 and 865:
Page 866 and 867:
Page 868 and 869:
Page 870 and 871:
Page 872 and 873:
Page 874 and 875:
Page 876:
Bronze statuette of Zeus in the Uff
Page 880 and 881:
Page 882 and 883:
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890:
Plate XXXIV Bronze statuette found
Page 893:
75 8 Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
Page 900 and 901:
Page 902 and 903:
of the thunderbolt 765 earlier, app
Page 904 and 905:
of the thunderbolt 767 or straighti
Page 906 and 907:
of the thunderbolt 769 {c. 700 B.C.
Page 908 and 909:
of the thunderbolt 771 early kylix
Page 910 and 911:
of the thunderbolt 773 springeth up
Page 912 and 913:
of the thunderbolt 775 Friend Flowe
Page 914 and 915:
of the thunderbolt 777 were soon tr
Page 916 and 917:
of the thunderbolt 779 And H. Usene
Page 918:
:^.'^-- f- - j-i' '
Page 921 and 922:
.782 Modifications in the shape ten
Page 923 and 924:
784 Modifications in the shape conq
Page 925 and 926:
786 The thunderbolt of Zeus (7) The
Page 927 and 928:
788 The thunderbolt of Zeus suscept
Page 929 and 930:
790 The thunderbolt of Zeus In 191
Page 931 and 932:
792 The thunderbolt of Zeus point a
Page 933 and 934:
794 The thunderbolt of Zeus version
Page 935 and 936:
796 The thunderbolt of Zeus Differe
Page 937 and 938:
798 The thunderbolt of Zeus Byzanti
Page 939 and 940:
8oo The thunderbolt of Zeus But nei
Page 941 and 942:
8o2 The thunderbolt of Zeus other p
Page 943 and 944:
8o4 The thunderbolt of Zeus wuBJurw
Page 945 and 946:
8o6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios fo
Page 947 and 948:
8o8 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios ri
Page 949 and 950:
8io Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios Wi
Page 951 and 952:
8 12 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Kerawiios t
Page 953 and 954:
8 14 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios a
Page 955 and 956:
8i6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraiinios h
Page 957 and 958:
8i8 Zeus Zbelsourdos his name and n
Page 959 and 960:
820 Zeus Zbelsourdos shows the same
Page 961 and 962:
822 Zeus Zbelsourdos increase our k
Page 963 and 964:
824. The whip of Zeus This leaves t
Page 965 and 966:
826 The whip of Zeus forgotten by p
Page 967 and 968:
828 Thunder as a sound independent
Page 969:
830 Thunder as a sound (c) Thunder
Page 972 and 973:
caused bv the Chariot of Zeus 831 a
Page 974 and 975:
Zeus Bro7itatoSy Brontbn^ Brontesio
Page 976 and 977:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontm^ Brojttesios
Page 978 and 979:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 980 and 981:
Zeus Brontatos^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 982 and 983:
Retrospect 841 Further consideratio
Page 984 and 985:
Retrospect 843 over with oak-leaves
Page 986 and 987:
Retrospect 845 was seen falling fro
Page 988 and 989:
Retrospect 847 Further examples of
Page 990 and 991:
Hdrkios, ' God Retrospect 849 of Oa
Page 992 and 993:
Retrospect 851 emperors^ Coins of D
Page 995:
The main design on a krater from Ca
Page 998 and 999:
854 Retrospect On the left are Arte
Page 1000 and 1001:
856 Retrospect (Tol St) Tra
Page 1002 and 1003:
858 Retrospect iir aWore S' dWa (pe
Page 1010 and 1011:
tm ' ^- nr 2_ %^f ^HP^ JUL JUL a Xt
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Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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