Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

Astrapaios^ Astrapton 807
Of greater moment are the titles of similar meaning sanctioned
by actual cult ; for these afford proof that the zoistic conception of
Zeus as the downward-flashing bolt passed into the anthropomorphic
conception of him as hurler of the same. Thus Mantineia in Greek
times worshipped Zeus Keraunos, 'the Thunderbolts' But Tegea
in Roman times worshipped Zeus Keraunobolos, ' the Hurler of the
Thunderbolts'
As the somewhat vaguer^ god 'of the Thunderbolt' {Keramiios)
Zeus was recognised in literature^ and had numerous cults from
Palmyra in the east to Rome in the west'.
^ Su/»'a p. 121'.
\
eKOfiLaavro I
^ Inscr. Gr. Afc. Lac. Mess, ii no. 37 [ol'Se viK-qcavTei iv 'Yeyiq.'\
'OXvfMTTiaKoh MeyLcrTLji Kal Kepavvo^oXuj Ad \ dvaTe{T)deLfMii'OLS |
ry
eV
a.y{Q))(TL toIs
tovs are-
(pdv{o)vs, which together with no. 36 = 0. T. Newton in T/ie Collection of Ancient Greek
Inscriptions in the British Museum Oxford 1883 ii. 1 1 ff. no. \-f> = Y. Bechtel in CoUitz^
Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. i. 351 ff. no. 1231 = Michel Recueil d'Inscr. gr. no. 888.
Nilsson Gr. Feste p. 4 f. would identify the Tegeate Zens KepavvojidXos with Zeus KXdpios
(infra Append. B Arkadia). Cp. Loukian. philopatr. 4 6 ^povroiroih% koX Kepavuoj36\os
(Tov Zevs.
^ (i) A tomb-inscription from Kition in Kypros associates Kepadvios with Kepawia
(Lebas—VVaddington Asie Mineiu-e iii no. 2739 E^plic p- 635 KjexoXoj/xefoi' tvxol tov
Kepavviov. dv tls a\jTT]v d\pr\, K[e]x[o]Xw/U^;'i7S tvxoi-' &" ri[s] jSdXr; Koirpia, KexoXw/x^vris
Tvxoi TTJs Kepavvias). O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. ici6 takes KcpaiVtos to be
Zeus, Kepaui/i'a an unkncjwn goddess. W. Drexler ib. ii. 11 17 detects Resef Hes and
Anat. H. Usener in the Rheiti. Mus. 1905 Ix. 14 { = td. Kleine Schriften Leipzig— Berlin
1913 iv. 482) recognises 'den Sondergott...mit dem weiblichen Seitenstiick.'
(2) A fragmentary inscription at El-Mdlikiye {El-Malka) in Syria mentions Kepa.vvio's
only (Lebas—Waddington Asie Mineureeic. iii no. 2195 Explic. p- 51 1 [ • . '\ov \
67r|6rj(re|j' Kep\avvl\ii3 on a small stifle broken at the top).
MaXe|xoi;
(3) A dedication built into the fortress-wall of Mytilene runs: Zwai/x-r] Ai€vv6pov(?)
|
exixw °-v^6'ni^^v(l7tscr. Gr. ins. nno. 126). AdlerinPauly—Wissowa
QewKipawiu'T\pi(TTO} \
Real-Enc. xi. 267 infers from the use of "Ti/'to-ros that this was an oriental cult.
•• Aristot. de iniindo 7. 401 a 17, Orph. h. Zeus 15. 9 (cp. supra p. 12 n. 3), Scholl
Studemund anecd. i. 265 'ETrt^era At6s (52) Kepavviov, 266 'EiriOera Aios (47) Kepavviov,
274 'ETri^era Ai6s- ...Kepavviov, 281 'ETrt^era tov Ai6s...Kepavvi.os. Cp. Anth. Pal. 7. 49. 2
(Bianor) Tiavl Kepavveiip {supra p. 9).
•' (i) Palmyra {Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4501 =Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel.
no. 631 a dedication of Hadrianic date Ad Meyi(TT({i Kepav\viip k.t.X.).
(2) Damaskos {Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4520, 3 |
fivT^fia inscription of a rock-cut tomb).
(3)
7r6Xet, I
Seleukeia Pieria {infra p. 809 n. 6f.).
ff. te/)ei)[s] Atos Kepavlvlolv] eai'rip |
(4) Kition in Kypros {Corp. inscr. Gr. ii no. 2641, 2 ff. Ad KepavviuiL ' A(ppo8iT7]i,
|
no. (I)).
B-^fiui,
ofiovoiai, \
k.t.X.
t6
on a marble base of Roman date. See also supra n. 3
(5) Phrygia (G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1884 viii. 503 publishes an astragalomantic
inscription on a marble block at Ormelle {Tefeny), of which face iii, 7 reads [Atos
Y^epavvlov).
(6) Lydia(Cc7r;^. inscr. Gr. ii no. 3446 = Lebas—Waddington Asie Mineurem. no. 1674,
3 ff. Alt Kepawty dQ\.\^o{^)y\divTwv (Twlyttarcoj' hvo k.t.\., where K. Keil in Philologus
1863 Suppl. ii. 609 ff. proposes dffTpo^oXrjd^vTwv in the sense of ' struck by lightning' and
H. Usener in the Khein. Mus. 1905 Ix. 15 n. i { = id. Kleine Schriften Leipzig—Berlin
1913 iv. 483 n. 44) would read d