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68 shod in lupiter-Columns sandals, and one of them rests upon a footstool'. Fig. 27. Venus; and the canopy common to her with luno suggests that she is but another form of the same celestial goddess^—very ^ Perhaps a simplification of the tortoise, on which her foot rests in a Viergbtterstein- relief from Lamerey (Haug op. at. 1891 x. 158 cp. 3r5). Pheidias made a chryselephantine Aphrodite Oupavia at Elis with one foot set on a tortoise (Paus. 6. 25. i, Plout. de Is. at Os. 76, coniug. praecept. 32: see further Frazer Patisanias iv. 105, Farnell Cults of Gk. States ii. 681 ff., Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 150, 197 n. 1, 1333 n. 11, 1349 n. 3 f., O. Keller Die antike Tierwelt Leipzig 1913 ii. 250, A. Frickenhaus in \\i&Jakrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1913 xxviii. 363 ff. fig. 7f.). "^ Venus Caelestis, who in name at least was the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite Oiipavia. (Preller— Robert Gr. Myth. i. 354—357 and Index p. 942, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. PP- 1363— Rasche '365 and Index p. 1701), is known to us from inscriptions [Corp. inscr. Lat. V no. 8137 f. Pola, ih. vi no. 780 Rome, ib. ix no. 2562 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 3169 Bovianum Undecimanorum, Corp. inscr. Lat. x no. 1596 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4271 Puteoli) and coins {{a) Agrippina lunior : Rasche Lex. Num. x. 887 VENVS CAELESTIS, cp. ii. 889 f. [d) lulia Domna : Lex. Nutn. x. 887 VENVS caelestis, cp. ib. 890. Mann. emp. rotn.'^ iv. 351 no. 286 VENVS cael. (d) Aquilia Severa: {c) Elagabalos : Cohen Cohen Mann. etnp. rotn.^ iv. 381 f. no. 10 VENVS caelestis. [e) lulia Soaemias : Cohen Monn. emp. 7-om.'^ iv. 388 f. nos. 8— 20 venvs caelestis. [f) Alexander Severus : Rasche Lex. Num. x. 889 VENVs caelestis, cp. ib- 890 f. (g) Magnia Urbica: Cohen Monn. cfHp. rom? vi. 407 no. 9 VENVS CELES r. These coins show the goddess standing,, or sitting, with an apple in one hand, a sceptre in the other, and sometimes a star in the field, or a child at her feet) ; and it is noteworthy that the title Caelestis was liorne by luno also [Corp. inscr. Lat. iii Suppl. no. 10407 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 3109 Aquincum, Co7p. inscr. Lat. viii no. 1424 Thibursicum Bure, Mart. Cap. 58). Both
lupiter-Columns 69 possibly it symbolises the sky itself. On the third side (fig. 27 cY there is a design of exceptional, indeed of unique, character. A draped female sitting with uplifted hand occupies the foreground. Her sleeveless arm and the hound at her feet make it probable that she is Diana, goddess of the chase-. Her gesture and the upward glance of the hound direct attention to a singular figure in the background—Mercurius, who rushes from left to right with upturned face and wind-blown chlamys, both hands grasping a caduceus and one foot planted on the top of a pillar^. Now Mercurius, as we have seen, stands for Wodan ; and Wodan was the leader of the Wild Hunt or Furious Host, which on windy nights in autumn might be heard sweeping along the Milky Way*. I should therefore conjecture that this relief gives us an autumnal scene, the huntress Diana and the Wild Huntsman himself Above the Viergotterstein, at least in the case of large and important columns, came the Wochengotterstein—a block, usually octagonal or cylindrical, more rarely quadrangular hexagonal or heptagonal, which was decorated with the deities representing the days of the week^ These deities, arranged in a series from left to Venus Cadestis and luno Caelestis were forms of the Carthaginian goddess Tanit, whose worship spread far and wide over the Roman world (see De Vit Otio7nasiicoii i. "29, iii. 722, F. Cumont in I'auly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 1247— 1250, A. von Domaszewski Abliand- htitgen zitr loinischoi Religion Leipzig and Berlin 1909 pp. 148— 150, W. W. Baudissia Adonis tind Esmiin Leipzig 191 1 p. 268 ff., Wissowa Rel. Ktilt. Row.^ \)p. 373— 37S): they must not hastily be connected with lupiter Caelestis (Corp. inscr. Lot. iii no. 1948 Salonae, ib. iii Suppl. no. 8668= Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 3041 Salonae, Corp. inscr. Lai. X no. 4852 Venafruni) or with other deities bearing the same cult-epithet (Wissowa Rel. Kult. Rom.- p. 374 n. 7). ' A drawing of this plinth made for B. de Montfaucon and preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale (nouv. fonds lat., 11917, f° 12, cp. i° 11) shows the third scene as it appeared when its details were somewhat fresher and sharper than now. Accordingly I have used the drawing to supplement the photograph of the scene. F. Cumont Catalogue des sculptures df inscriptions antiques [inoniiments lapidaires) dcs Mtisees Royaux du Cinquantenaire- Bruxelles 1913 p. 212 publishes the two side by side. -' For Diana in sleeveless attire accompanied by her hound see Haug ' Die Viergotter- steine' in the Westdeutsche Zeitschrift 1891 x. 315 f. •* Mercurius as a runner appears in Roman paintings {e.g. Helbig Wandgem. Camp. p. 7 no. 15, p. 8 no. i9, — Real Museo Borbonico Napoli 1830 vi pi. 2 = Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. iii. 1819 fig. 4960), gems [e.g. Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 126 no. 2736 pi. 24, cp. L. Stephani in the Cotnpte-rendu St. Pet. 1861 p. 17 n. 3), and bronzes {e.g. Babelon—Blanchet Cat. Bronzes de la Bibl. Nat. p. 158 no. 359 fig.). A statue of this sort (cp. the famous Mercury by Giovanni da Bologna in the Bargello at Florence) mounted on a high pedestal has presumably furnished the sculptor of our relief with a classical type for his Germanic thenle. * Supra p. 62 n. I. ^ See L. Lersch ' Der planetarische Gotterkreis ' in \}a& Jahrb. d. Vereins z. Alter- thumsjreund. im Rheinl. 1844 iv. 147— 176, 1844 v—vi. 299—314, 1846 viii. 145— 152, J. de Witte ' Les divinites des sept jours de la semaine' in the Gaz. Arch. 1877 ii'- 5°— S7>
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'^ff' ]"W, ':'.'} :'.' !:; ii;:i;;l
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ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGION VO
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V ^ ZEUS A STUDY IN ANCIENT RELIGIO
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viii Preface worth putting into a b
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X Preface willing to devote themsel
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xii Preface Prof. R. C. Bosanquet,
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xiv Preface illustration of Volume
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XVI Contents iv. Zeus and Dionysos
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XVlll Contents PART II Appendix A.
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XX List of Plates to face PLATE pag
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ABBREVIATIONS This List of Abbrevia
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Abbreviations xxv and Lesbos 1894 b
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Abbreviations xxix i (Alpes Maritim
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Abbreviations xxxi Antiken Bildiver
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Abbreviations xxxiii Inscr. Gr. Del
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Abbreviations xxxv L. Meyer //andd.
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Abbreviations xxxvii iii Die Bildwe
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Abbreviations xxxix i^xi (Tomi i—
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Abbreviations xli Sitzzifigsber. d.
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Abbreviations xliii Welcker Gr. Goi
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2 Zeus lightens, thunders, rains, e
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4 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Peo
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6 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' Mag
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8 The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' reg
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I o The Diosemia or ' Zeus-sign ' p
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12 Zeus Keraunos zoistic stage was
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i^. Zeus Kataibdtes a learned treat
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1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes Som
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1 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes mem
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20 The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes th
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22 The Zeus-struck man in Elysium w
Page 72: 24 Death by lightning as euthanasia
Page 75: ;eum : Zeus in pursuit of Semele. S
Page 79 and 80: Death by lightning as euthanasia 25
Page 81 and 82: Death by lightning as euthanasia 27
Page 83 and 84: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 85 and 86: The Tarentine cult of Zeus Kataibdt
Page 87 and 88: » Zoroastres 33 of the Rufinian mo
Page 89 and 90: Zoroastres 3 5 statement in a somew
Page 91 and 92: The Elysian Way 37 Again, in an equ
Page 93 and 94: The Elysian Way 39 There is a road
Page 95 and 96: The Elysian Way 41 ignored by them
Page 97 and 98: The Elysian Way 43 Way'. Again, Emp
Page 99 and 100: The Sky-Pillar in Italy 45 facilita
Page 101 and 102: The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
Page 103 and 104: The Sky-Pillar in the 'Minoan' area
Page 105 and 106: The Irminsul 51 (in Marti TJiingso^
Page 107 and 108: The Irminsul 53 the sign and symbol
Page 109 and 110: The Irmi7tsul 55 witness to the ter
Page 111 and 112: lupiter-Columns 57 vehicle of the s
Page 113 and 114: lupiter-Columns 59 Seasons, the qua
Page 115 and 116: lupiter-Columns 6i children with a
Page 117 and 118: lupiter-Coiumns 63 with his club is
Page 119 and 120: lupiter-Columns 65 Minerva is Holda
Page 121: lupiter-Columns 67 This hypothesis,
Page 125 and 126: lupiter-Columns 71 occupied either
Page 127 and 128: n M Fig- 31- lupiter-Columns 73 Fig
Page 129 and 130: lupiter-Columns 75 barbaric head an
Page 131: The Jupiter-Column of Saverne. Plat
Page 134 and 135: 78 lupiter-Columns spokes as he rea
Page 136 and 137: 8o lupiter-Columns sometimes has as
Page 138 and 139: 82 lupiter-Columns So far, then, we
Page 140 and 141: 84 lupiter-Columns is preceded by a
Page 142 and 143: 86 lupiter-Columns a flash of light
Page 144 and 145: 8 8 lupiter-Columns PreserverV in a
Page 146 and 147: 90 lupiter-Columns ascending order
Page 148: 92 lupiter-Columns {le Bourg d'Angs
Page 153 and 154: The Column of Mayence 93 oak at Rem
Page 155 and 156: The Column of Mayence 95 and Minerv
Page 157 and 158: The Column of Mayence 97 lower drum
Page 159 and 160: The Column of Mayence 99 Verticordi
Page 161 and 162: Commemorative Columns lOI Antoninus
Page 163 and 164: Commemorative Columns 103 '9' 7 PP-
Page 165 and 166: Commemorative Columns 105 recognise
Page 167 and 168: Commemorative Columns 107 of decora
Page 169 and 170: The Trophy 109 And pillars lopped t
Page 171 and 172: The Trophy III that of La Turbie ne
Page 173 and 174:
The Trophy 113 IViss. Phil. -hist.
Page 175 and 176:
and the Soul-Ladder 115 blaze or sh
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and the Soul-Ladder 117 Dec. 13), t
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and the Soul-Ladder 119 be itself o
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and the Soul-Ladder 121 — How, ex
Page 184 and 185:
Amphora from Capua, now in the Brit
Page 187 and 188:
and the Soul-Ladder 123 de PArt vi.
Page 189:
Plate VI Polychrome hydria from Kyr
Page 193 and 194:
and the Soul-Ladder 125 In support
Page 195 and 196:
and the Soul-Ladder 127 Such belief
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and the Soul-Ladder 129 and corresp
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and the Soul-Ladder 131 sLimably ve
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and the Soul-Ladder 133 Now \}[\dX
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and the Soul-Ladder 135 Ladder of P
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and the Soul-Ladder 137 Ladder of t
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a. c o • I— _> C/3 ca J3 Si !-i
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140 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia abid
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142 The Sky-Pillar in Sardinia stan
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144 Diana-Pillars vase, complete th
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146 Diana-Pillars Steps give access
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148 Diana-Pillars broad ribands. Ra
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I50 Diana-Pillars disk, from which
Page 222 and 223:
152 Diana-Pillars Fig. 92. kais. de
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154 Diana-Pillars bronze shrines fr
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156 vL ^*w ^ 05 JiZ. < — L < Dian
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158 Diana-Pillars pillar : the pend
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i6o Agyieus-ViW'Sir^ tionof the sam
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1 6 2 y4gjieus-Vi\\3.rs in lllyria,
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1 64 Agyieus-V\\\2ixs fact, the tit
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1 66 0?npha/6s and Pillar dence tha
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i68 Omphalos and Pillar have been w
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lyo The Delphic Omphalos which cert
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172 The Delphic Omphalos Fig. 118.
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174 The Delphic Omphalos well have
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Three views of the inscribed omphal
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176 The Delphic Omphalds the earth-
Page 253 and 254:
178 The Delphic Omphalos who are kn
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i8o The Delphic Omphalos in all pro
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l82 The Delphic Omphalos of honour
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The Delphic O^nphalos 183 and sundr
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The Delphic Omphalos 185 fillets an
Page 265 and 266:
The Delphic 07nphal6s 187 at the co
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The Delphic 07nphal6s 189 were two,
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The Delphic Omphalos 191 aetiology
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Plate XI (a) Altar as represented o
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194 The Delphic Tripod Fig. 134.
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196 The Delphic Tripod lebes restin
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198 The Delphic Tripod 'The tripod
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The Cliigi base at Dresden, represe
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200 The Delphic Tripod Pythian vict
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202 The Delphic Tripod art-type tra
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204 The Delphic Tripod ApoUon in th
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2o6 The Delphic Tripod is finely co
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2o8 The Pythia as Bride of Apollon
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210 The Pythia and the phetic pries
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Hydria in the Fitzwilliam Museum, C
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Caldron of Apotlleosis 213 that the
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Caldron of Apotheosis 215 Euripides
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Caldron of Apotheosis 217 Ephoros,
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Caldron of Apotheosis 219 Other wri
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 221 do
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 223 te
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 225 wi
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Pythagoras as ApoUon reborn 227 Sal
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Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 229 in
Page 322 and 323:
Zeus at Delphoi 231 from Knossos^ a
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Dionysos at Delphoi 233 commemorate
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Dionysos at Delphoi 235 the same pr
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Dionysos at Delphoi 237 J. Loth in
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Dionysos at Delphoi 239 I have, how
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Dionysos at Delphoi 241 Clement of
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Dionysos displaced by Apollon 243 t
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at Delphoi ' 245 in the second Hami
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at Delphoi 247 124, 254 n.*, J. L.
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'^ at Delphoi 249 Plout. de fnus. 1
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at Delphoi 251 Daldeia in Lyclia',
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at Delphoi 253 mood\ And like enoug
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at Delphoi 255 oratory traditionall
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at Delphoi 257 the griffin which sh
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X 0) +-'
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26o Dionysos displaced by Apollon A
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262 Dionysos displaced by Apollon a
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X +-> Q.
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264 Dionysos displaced by Apollon T
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2 66 The stratification of Delphic
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268 Zeus and Dionysos which probabl
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270 Zeus and Dionysos pellatives: h
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272 p. Kretschmer's hypothesis the
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2 74 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's h
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276 Criticism of P. Kretschmer's hy
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278 Dios and Dios Nysos monly end w
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2 8o Dios and Dios Nysos De'os or D
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282 Dios and Dios Nysos compared wi
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Dios and Dios Nysos 283 two, and th
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 285 with Zeus P
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Dios and Dios Nysos 287 eastern sid
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fw^/'/^v^^/ ' /y/v^/^y^/A'/iw^^^ Dt
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Dios and Dfos Nysos 291 hand with t
Page 392 and 393:
Papas and Attis 293 sobriquet stric
Page 394 and 395:
The Mother-goddess and h^v pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and her pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and hcv pdredros
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The Mother-goddess and h.^v pdredro
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to Christianity 3
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Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi
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Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
The Kdbeiroi or Megalot Theoi 313 p
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The Kdbeiroi or Megdloi Theoi 315 k
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Zeus Didymatos 317 the former influ
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 319 p. D.
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Zeus duplicated on a gem 321 first
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The Celtic Janiform god 323 (8) The
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The Celtic Janiform god 325 Noricum
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X JS Q. •C c« CO O CO 9 e c4 U3
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328 lupiter and lanus in the Salian
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3 30 lupiter and lanus in the Salia
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332 lanus and lupiter on coins
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334 lanus and lupiter on coins Fig.
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336 lanus an older lupiter yawning
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338 lanus an older lupiter His titl
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340 Zan an older Zeus lanus, theref
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342 Zan an older Zeus anecd. Paris,
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344 ^^^ ^^ older Zeus A. F. Pott (1
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34^ Zan an older Zeus But why must
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348 Zan an older Zeus ' over agains
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350 Zan an older Zeus The same may
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352 Zan an older Zeus detects yet a
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354 lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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35^ lanus represented as Vault or A
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360 The Triumphal Arch had its sepa
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362 The goddess under the Arch (fx)
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364 Tigillum Sororium and lupiter T
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366 The god under the Arch the Foru
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368 lanus bifrontal on coins c. 92
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370 lanus bifrontal on coins series
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372 lanus bifrontal on coins Season
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374 lanus bifrontal in ritual the m
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37^ lanus bifrontal in ritual verse
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37^ The significance of lanus' doub
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380 The significance of lanus' doub
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
386 The Sky-god's hat parison with
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388 The differentiation of associat
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390 The differentiation of Thoukydi
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the Sky-god's faces 391 and the typ
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M ns.)nif/A .VA^ Plate XXII
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. t ,.4^^/rfi^ ..,.//7r-.,.j//y,/^^
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Virbius as Dianus 393 probably brou
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Virbius as Dianus 395 things which
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Virbius as Dianus 397 hist. 25. 105
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Virbius as Dianus 399 older head is
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Diana and the Oak 401 Vicus Cuprius
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Diana and the Oak 403 change from o
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Artemis and the Oak 405 scape-relie
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Artemis and the Oak 407 the thymiat
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Artemis and the Oak 409 on leading
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Artemis and the Oak 411 much weight
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Artemis and the Oak 413 Troizen, st
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Artemis and the Oak 415 legend with
Page 530 and 531:
Diana's tree at Nemi 417 introduces
Page 532 and 533:
Diana's tree at Nemi 419 woodland k
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Diana's tree at Nemi 421 a priest o
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The supports of the Sky personified
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
Page 542 and 543:
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546:
Plate XXIV Etruscan mirror: the Dio
Page 549 and 550:
434 Twins as Children of the Sky Fi
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43 6 Kastor and Polydeukes conventi
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438 Kastor and Polydeukes after thi
Page 555 and 556:
440 Romulus and Remus have us belie
Page 557 and 558:
442 Romulus and Remus the type is c
Page 559 and 560:
444 Zetes and Kalais princely twins
Page 561 and 562:
446 Herakles and Iphikles was dispo
Page 563 and 564:
44 The effeminate Twin Zeus^, or th
Page 565 and 566:
45 The effeminate Twin before he pa
Page 567 and 568:
452 Apollon and Artemis Iphiklos^ c
Page 569 and 570:
454 ApoUon and Artemis
Page 571 and 572:
45^ Apollon and Artemis his ancient
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45 8 Apollon and Artemis light of t
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460 Apollon and Artemis The Delphia
Page 578 and 579:
Apollon and Artemis 461 p. Hartwig
Page 580 and 581:
• Apollon and Artemis 463 The cop
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ApoUon and Artemis 465 other allusi
Page 584 and 585:
ApoUon and Artemis 467 Iphitos, mak
Page 586 and 587:
Apollon and Artemis 469 her days an
Page 588 and 589:
Apollon and Artemis 471 names deriv
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Apollon and Artemis 473 earliest ex
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Apollon and Artemis 475 who with bi
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Apollon and Artemis • possibiliti
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ApoUon and Artemis 479 On the left
Page 598 and 599:
Apollon and Artemis 481 it is permi
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Apollon and Artemis 483 190 And the
Page 602 and 603:
Apollon and Artemis 485 deity assoc
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Apollon and Artemis 487 from the ne
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Apollon and Artemis 489 a liyper-Do
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Apollon and Artemis 491 are an amph
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Apollon and Artemis 493 his argumen
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Apollon and Artemis 495 Boreas,' th
Page 614 and 615:
Apollon and Artemis 497 sometimes a
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55' Stf W iS' X. ?s '^ "^ e HY I y
Page 619 and 620:
Apollon and Artemis 499 explained a
Page 621 and 622:
Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
Page 623 and 624:
Lightning as a flash from an Eye 50
Page 625 and 626:
Lightning as a weapon 505 is the so
Page 627 and 628:
Lightning as a weapon 507 earlier,
Page 629 and 630:
Lightning as a weapon 509 informati
Page 631 and 632:
Lightning as a weapon 511 found in
Page 633 and 634:
The double axe in 'Minoan' cult 513
Page 635 and 636:
The double axe in mid air 515 benea
Page 638:
vH -^1 ;^^ The painted limestone sa
Page 641 and 642:
5i8 The double axe in relation trun
Page 643 and 644:
520 The double axe in relation bord
Page 645 and 646:
52 2 The double axe in relation Cer
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524 The double axe in relation if t
Page 649 and 650:
526 The double axe in relation A su
Page 651 and 652:
528 The double axe in relation a fi
Page 653 and 654:
53^ The double axe in relation Simi
Page 655 and 656:
532 The double axe in relation prec
Page 657 and 658:
534 The double axe in relation to h
Page 659 and 660:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 661 and 662:
53^ The double axe in relation to h
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
544 The deity of the double axe ena
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54^ The deity of the double axe sen
Page 671 and 672:
54^ The deity of the double axe pow
Page 673 and 674:
SS^ The deity of the double axe in
Page 675 and 676:
' Antiochus 552 The deity of the do
Page 677 and 678:
554 The deity of the double axe cul
Page 679 and 680:
55^ The deity of the double axe fra
Page 681 and 682:
558 The deity of the double axe if
Page 683 and 684:
560 The double axe and Zeus JLabrdy
Page 685 and 686:
562 The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
570 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdyn
Page 695 and 696:
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
57^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 701 and 702:
57^ The double axe and Zeus luabrdy
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
582 The double axe and Zeus L,abrdy
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
586 The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdy
Page 711 and 712:
588 The double axe and Zeus Lahrdy?
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
594 The double axe and Zeus Labrdy7
Page 719:
59^ The double axe and Zeus Labrdyn
Page 722 and 723:
The double axe and Zeus Lal?rdyndos
Page 724 and 725:
The double axe and Zeus Lai?rdyncio
Page 726 and 727:
The double axe and the labarum 60 f
Page 728 and 729:
The double axe and the labarum 603
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
The double axe and the labaru?n 607
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
The double axe and the labarum 6 1
Page 738 and 739:
Page 740 and 741:
Zeus in the East 615 from Kameiros
Page 742 and 743:
The double axe in the West 617 othe
Page 744 and 745:
The double axe in the West 619 Not
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The axe carried by priests and prie
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Page 750 and 751:
Page 752 and 753:
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
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Page 760 and 761:
The decoration of the double axe 63
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Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
Page 774 and 775:
Page 776 and 777:
Page 778 and 779:
The duplication of the double axe 6
Page 780 and 781:
The double axes of Tenedos 655 attr
Page 782 and 783:
The double axes of Tenedos 657 Gree
Page 784 and 785:
The double axes of Tenedos 659 dian
Page 786 and 787:
The double axes of Tenedos 66i repr
Page 788 and 789:
' Minoan ' The double axes of Tened
Page 790 and 791:
The double axes of Tenedos 665 addi
Page 792 and 793:
The double axes of Tenedos 667 affi
Page 794 and 795:
The double axes of Tenedos 669 ' Ky
Page 796 and 797:
The double axes of Tenedos 671 fath
Page 798 and 799:
The double axes of Tenedos 673 (bet
Page 800 and 801:
The double axes of Tenedos 675 comb
Page 802 and 803:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 804 and 805:
The axe and the sacred oak at Dodon
Page 806 and 807:
sacred tree at Rhegion 68i image in
Page 808 and 809:
The axes and the sacred oaks at Dot
Page 810 and 811:
Axe-blades and axe-hafts in megalit
Page 812 and 813:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 814 and 815:
megalithic art of western Europe 68
Page 816 and 817:
The axes of Penelope 691 The name P
Page 818 and 819:
The axes of Penelope 693 of Thrace,
Page 820 and 821:
The axes of Penelope 695 whole stor
Page 822 and 823:
The axes of Penelope 697 an appella
Page 824 and 825:
Superstitious practices with axes 6
Page 826 and 827:
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
The spear of Zeus 705 Nonnos in the
Page 832 and 833:
The spear of Zeus 707 Zeus Areios i
Page 835 and 836:
Plate XXIX Etruscan mirror: the bir
Page 837 and 838:
yio The spear of Zeus head of Zeus
Page 839 and 840:
712 The sword of Zeus lupiter, gras
Page 842 and 843:
The sword of Zeus 713 and that the
Page 844 and 845:
The sword of Zeus 715 father of the
Page 846 and 847:
The sword of Zeus 717 A terra-cotta
Page 848 and 849:
The sword of Zeus 719 presence of A
Page 850 and 851:
The sword of Zeus 721 phon^), who f
Page 852 and 853:
Gradual elimination of the thunderb
Page 854 and 855:
Page 856 and 857:
I or Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 858 and 859:
Page 860 and 861:
Page 862 and 863:
Page 864 and 865:
Page 866 and 867:
Page 868 and 869:
Page 870 and 871:
Page 872 and 873:
Page 874 and 875:
Page 876:
Bronze statuette of Zeus in the Uff
Page 880 and 881:
Page 882 and 883:
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890:
Plate XXXIV Bronze statuette found
Page 893:
75 8 Gradual elimination of the thu
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
Page 900 and 901:
Page 902 and 903:
of the thunderbolt 765 earlier, app
Page 904 and 905:
of the thunderbolt 767 or straighti
Page 906 and 907:
of the thunderbolt 769 {c. 700 B.C.
Page 908 and 909:
of the thunderbolt 771 early kylix
Page 910 and 911:
of the thunderbolt 773 springeth up
Page 912 and 913:
of the thunderbolt 775 Friend Flowe
Page 914 and 915:
of the thunderbolt 777 were soon tr
Page 916 and 917:
of the thunderbolt 779 And H. Usene
Page 918:
:^.'^-- f- - j-i' '
Page 921 and 922:
.782 Modifications in the shape ten
Page 923 and 924:
784 Modifications in the shape conq
Page 925 and 926:
786 The thunderbolt of Zeus (7) The
Page 927 and 928:
788 The thunderbolt of Zeus suscept
Page 929 and 930:
790 The thunderbolt of Zeus In 191
Page 931 and 932:
792 The thunderbolt of Zeus point a
Page 933 and 934:
794 The thunderbolt of Zeus version
Page 935 and 936:
796 The thunderbolt of Zeus Differe
Page 937 and 938:
798 The thunderbolt of Zeus Byzanti
Page 939 and 940:
8oo The thunderbolt of Zeus But nei
Page 941 and 942:
8o2 The thunderbolt of Zeus other p
Page 943 and 944:
8o4 The thunderbolt of Zeus wuBJurw
Page 945 and 946:
8o6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios fo
Page 947 and 948:
8o8 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios ri
Page 949 and 950:
8io Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios Wi
Page 951 and 952:
8 12 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Kerawiios t
Page 953 and 954:
8 14 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraunios a
Page 955 and 956:
8i6 Zeus Keraunobolos^ Keraiinios h
Page 957 and 958:
8i8 Zeus Zbelsourdos his name and n
Page 959 and 960:
820 Zeus Zbelsourdos shows the same
Page 961 and 962:
822 Zeus Zbelsourdos increase our k
Page 963 and 964:
824. The whip of Zeus This leaves t
Page 965 and 966:
826 The whip of Zeus forgotten by p
Page 967 and 968:
828 Thunder as a sound independent
Page 969:
830 Thunder as a sound (c) Thunder
Page 972 and 973:
caused bv the Chariot of Zeus 831 a
Page 974 and 975:
Zeus Bro7itatoSy Brontbn^ Brontesio
Page 976 and 977:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontm^ Brojttesios
Page 978 and 979:
Zeus Brontaios^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 980 and 981:
Zeus Brontatos^ Brontbn^ Brontesios
Page 982 and 983:
Retrospect 841 Further consideratio
Page 984 and 985:
Retrospect 843 over with oak-leaves
Page 986 and 987:
Retrospect 845 was seen falling fro
Page 988 and 989:
Retrospect 847 Further examples of
Page 990 and 991:
Hdrkios, ' God Retrospect 849 of Oa
Page 992 and 993:
Retrospect 851 emperors^ Coins of D
Page 995:
The main design on a krater from Ca
Page 998 and 999:
854 Retrospect On the left are Arte
Page 1000 and 1001:
856 Retrospect (Tol St) Tra
Page 1002 and 1003:
858 Retrospect iir aWore S' dWa (pe
Page 1010 and 1011:
tm ' ^- nr 2_ %^f ^HP^ JUL JUL a Xt
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Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

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