Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

The Kdbeiroi or Megalot Theoi 313
paratively weak,- and, sooner than insist upon it, I would push
enquiry in a somewhat different direction.
Whether the Phrygians had in early days a twin-cult corresponding
with that of the Ndsatia mentioned in the prehistoric
{s. xiv B.C.) records of Boghaz-Keui\ we can hardly hope to deter-
mine. The appearance of the Dioskouroi or their attributes on
coins of Aizanoi-, Akmoneia^ Apameia*, Bria^ Synnada", Temeno-
thyrai'', and Themisonion (?)* is late and of no great significance.
I would rather lay stress on the fact that in the Thraco-Phrygian
area the Father and the Son, being diverse manifestations of the
same god, formed, not indeed divine twins, but at least a divine pair
likely to influence or be influenced by any adjacent cult of twins.
{B) The Kabeiroi or Megalol Theoi.
The situation is complicated by the variety of names under
which the Thraco-Phrygian Father and Son won their way to
general recognition. Of Bios and Dios Nysos^, of Papas and AUt's^'^,
we have already spoken. If we termed the former pair Thracian
and the latter Phrygian, that was merely in order to give a rough
indication of their range without implying that they were ultimately
of diverse origin. And here we must add that the Samothracian
Kabeiroi were originally of kindred stock. In common with R. Pettazzoni",
L. R. FarnelP-, and Miss Harrison^^ I hold that these mys-
1 Si//>ra i. 190 n. 3, 741 n. 4, H. R. Hall in \\\q Jonrn. Hell. Stud. 1909 xxix. 21,
id. The Ancient History of the Near East London 1913 p. 201, J. H. Moulton Early
Zoroastrianism London 1913 pp. 6, 115, 139, E. Meyer Reich tmd Kiiltur der Chetiter
Berlin 1914 p. 58.
^ Brit. Mils. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 39 pi. 6, 2 (Dioskouroi standing), cp. ib. p. xxiv
pi. 26, I and 4 (horse bearing cap surmounted by star, etc.). Head Hist, nuiii.'^ p. 664.
•^ Brit. Mits. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 7 no. 21 (Dioskouroi standing).
^ Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 74 pi. 10, 1— 5 (caps surmounted by stars, in
bay-wreath : eagle surmounted by star, flying over maeander-pattern flanked by caps
with stars), Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 478 pi. 56, 13, Head Hist. nic?n.- p. 666.
' Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 109 pi. 13, 9
Head Hist, niimr p. 668.
(Dioskouroi standing with horses),
^ Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 393 pi. 46, 2 (caps surmounted by stars ; between
them, poppy-head and ear of corn), Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen i. 292 no. 5, Head
Hist, num.'^ p. 686.
''
Brit. Mies. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 410 no. 14 (Dioskouroi standing).
s Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 495 pi. 57, 9 (Herakles and Hermes standing; behind
Herakles, one of the Dioskouroi standing with his horse). B. V. Head in Brit. Mus.
Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 420 pi. 49, 5 and Hist, num.- p. 687 would recognise in the third
figure Lykabas Sozon (?)—a precarious guess.
" Supra p. 277 fir.
1" Supra p. 292 ff.
'^ R. Pettazzoni ' Le origini dei Kabiri nelle isole del mar tracio ' in the Memorie della
R. Accademia dei Littcei. Classe di Scienze Morali, Storiche e Filologiche. Serie Quinta.
Roma 1909 xii. 635— 740 argues for a threefold stratification of the Cabiric cult, (i) In