Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

54^
The deity of the double axe
sented by axe and sceptre is perhaps Adad, who on a cylinder of rock-crystal m the
Museum at Florence (J. Menant Les pierres gravies de la Haute-Asie Paris 1883— 1886
ii. 60 fig. 52 ( = my fig. 424), Transactions of the Third hitentational Congress for the
o^^Oa
Fig. 423.
Fig. 424.
History of Religions Oxford 1908 ii. 184 f. fig. 3) and on other cylinders (W. H. Ward
The\Seal Cylinders of Western Asia Washington, D.C. 1910 p. 251 figs. 764, 766, id. in
Jastrow op. cit. p. 106 pi. 53, no. 200, supra i. 576 f. fig. 446, cp. i. 577 fig. 447) bears an
axe in his hand. The adoration of an axe erected as
the symbol of a god lasted on into the Persian period,
to judge from a seal-stone published by J. Menant
op. cit. ii pi. 9, 7 ( = my fig. 425), Transactions of the
Third International Congress for the History of Re-
ligiotis Oxford 1908 ii. 185 fig. 4, which possibly illus-
trates the axinoiiiantia of the Magi (infra § 3 (c) i (1/')).
The flint held in the hands of those that swore the
ancient oath by lupiter Lapis (Polyb. 3. 25. 6 ff. Aia
Aidov, Cic. epist. ad fam. 7. 12. 2, Paul, ex Fest.
p. 115, 4
iif. Miiller, p. 102, iifif. Lindsay, Plout.
V. Sull. 10, Apul. de deo Socr. p. 132 Oudendorp, Gell.
I. 21. 4), and the flint or flints taken by the Fetiales
from the temple of lupiter Feretrius for the purpose of
striking a treaty (Liv. i. 24, 9. 5, 30. 43, Paul, ex Fest.
p. 92, I f. MuUer, p. 8r, 16 ff. Lindsay) and deemed
equivalent to the effigy of lupiter himself (interp. Serv.
in Verg. Aen. 8. 641, cp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 12. 206), are best explained as unhafted
neolithic celts (G. B. de Rossi in the Ann. d. Inst. 1867 xxxix. 24 f , E. B. Tylor in
J. L. Strachan-Davidson Selections from Polybius Oxford 1888 p. 77 n. i, W. Warde
Fowler The Roman Festivals London 1899 p. 231, id. The Religious Experience of the
Roman People London 191 1 p. 130. I have said my say on the subject in the Class. Rev.
1904 xviii. 365).
Fig. 425.