Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

4o8 Artemis and the Oak
mistaken modern addition. And he cleverly confirms the presence of the attributes and
the absence of the turrets by citing one of Raphael's painted pilasters in the Gallery of
the Vatican (G. Ottaviani [Le Loggie di Kaffaello nel Vaticano Roma 176— ] no. vi C.
Savorelli pict., P. Camporesi delin. = my fig. 308), where by a curious coincidence the
great artist has made an oak-tree with acorns to emerge from behind the back of the
Ephesian goddess. Numismatic evidence proves that the missing attributes were two stags,
and makes it likely that the hands of the goddess were tethered by means of fillets (Hesych.
s.v. K\r]lSes- ...Kal rrapa 'E^ecrtots ttjs 6eou to, a-Te/j.fj,aTa. The notion that these lateral
appendages were solid supports called vet-na rests on Min. Fel. Oct. 22. 5 ei Ephesia
niavuiiis tnitltis el veribtis (so cod. Par. vernbtis ed. princ. Romana ann. 1543) exstructa,
where however F. Ursinus, followed by many critics including C. Hahn, cj. iiberihus.
J. J. Scaliger's cj. tuberibus has met with less acceptance)—hardly bonds to prevent her
from quitting her temple (M. Collignon ap. F. Cuinont in the Coniptes 7-endus de V Acad,
des inscr. et belles-lettres 1915 p. 273 n. 4), but rather ties to bring the very ground into
magic connexion with her hands (cp. Ail. var. hist. 3. 26 ^d>/xt77as, Plout. v. Sol. 12
Kp6K7]f k\ij1(7T7}v, Loukiau. Here. 3 ceipal XeirTai xP'^'^o'^ ^''*' ri^iKrpov eipyaafj-epai, etc.).
The fillets are most clearly shown on silver coins struck at Ephesos by Claudius and
Agrippina (Morell. Thes. Num. Imp. Rom. ii. 17 pi. 4, 23 f., Stevenson— Smith— Madden
Diet. Rovi. Coins p. 324 f. fig., P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 78 pi. 15, 4 = my fig. 309,
Fig. 309.
Fig. 310.
D. G. Hogarth Excavatio7is at Ephesus London 1908 p. 332 pi. 52, 4, Cohen Monn.
emp. rom." i. 273 no. i fig.) or on coppers of Kadoi in Phrygia issued under the name of
Domitia (L. Holstenius op. cit. p. 10 fig., Biit. Miis. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 120 pi. 15, 2
= my fig. 310). And the general effect of the effigy is to be seen from a bronze coin of
Apameia struck by Gordian, on which Artemis Ephesia, with a small tetrastyle temple
on her head, fillets stretched from her hands to the ground, and a stag on either side
of her, appears in the midst of four river-gods Maiandros (MAI), Marsyas ("-IAM),
Therma(s? -ios?) (S30), and Orgas (SO) (Sir W. M. Ramsay The Cities and Bishoprics
of Phrygia Oxford 1897 ii. 398 f., 402 n. 2, 432 pi. I, i=my fig. 311, Head Hist, num.-
p. 667 fig. 314, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. xxxixf.), or from a smaller bronze coin
of Neapolis in Samaria, struck by Faustina lunior, on which the goddess has a head-dress