Zeus : a study in ancient religion - Warburg Institute

Pythagoras as Apollon reborn 229
into a she-bear. Yet another spoke of Zeus himself as metamor-
phosed into a bear, when he mated with Amaltheia'. In view of
just discharged and sometimes a hound seated behind her ; for reverse, Kallisto falling
back pierced by the arrow and the infant Arkas on the ground, the whole inscribed
EPXOMEN IHN or EPXOMENI flN {BHt. Miis. Cat. Coins Peloponnesus
Fig. 158. Fig. 159.
p. 190 pi. 35,i5 = myfig. 158, Imhoof-Blumery)/(7;/«. ^r. p. 203 pi. E, 10, ?^. and P.Gardner
Num. Conim. Pans. ii. 96 pi. S, 22 f.,
Monn. gr. p. 200 pi. E, 9 = my fig. 159).
Head Hist, mim? p. 451, cp. Imhoof-Blumer
" This version, which goes back to XssAXwcv. frag. 385 ap. schol. A.D. //. 18. 487, was
commonly accepted throughout the Roman age (Ov. met. 2. 409 ff., Paus. 8. 3. 6, Hyg.
fab. 177,
poet. astr. 2. i p. 31, 3 ff. Bunte, Serv. in Verg. georg. i. 67, i. 138, Lact. Plac.
iti Stat. Tkeli. 3. 685, Isid. oi-ig. 3. 70. 35, Myth. Vat. 1. 17, 2. 58, Tzetz. in Hes. o.d.
564, Eustath. in II. p. 1156, 9!?.).
^ So ApoUod. 3. 8. 2, Hyg. poet. astr. 2. i p. 31, 6 ff. Bunte, Liban. narr. 6 (iv. iroi
Reiske).
From s. iv B.C. onwards Zeus himself was said to have wooed Kallisto in one or other
of several disguises. Either he took the form of Artemis (Amphis inc. fab. frag. 11 (Frag,
com: Gr. iii. 320 Meineke) ap. Hyg. poet. astr. 2. i p. 30, 15 ff. Bunte and ap. schol. Caes.
Germ. Aratea p. 381, 12 ff. Eyssenhardt, cp. ApoUod. 3. 8. 2, Ov. met. 2. 425, interp.
Serv. in Verg. Aen. i. 744, Lact. Plac. in Stat. Theb. 3. 685, Myth. Vat. 2. 58), or he
became Apollon for the nonce (Apollod. 3. 8. 2 Zei>s 5^ ipaadd^ aKodari (Tvvewd^eTai.,
eiKaadfis, cjs fiev ^vioi. X^yovaiv, 'Apr^/xidi, u)s S^ ivi.01., 'ATroWwvt, cp. Tzetz. in Lyk.
Al. 480 'ApKas 6 Atos 17 'A7r6X\w»'o$ Trats Kal KaXXiaroOs ttjs Avkuovos dvyarpos), or else he
appeared as a lion (Clem. Rom. kom. 5. 13
(ii. 184 Migne) KaWicToi rrj AvkAovo^
Tjypubdij \euv, /cat dWov riKTei ^ApKaSa). The first of these metamorphoses is illustrated
by a silver simptdum plated here and there with gold, which was found c. 1861 A.D. at
CuUera near Valencia and is now in the Dutuit collection at Paris (pi. xv = W. Froehner
Les Musses de France Paris 1873 pp. 21 — 23 pi. 5, W. Helbig in the Bull. d. Inst. 1865
pp. 120— 122, R. Franz in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 934 fig., E. Pettier in Daremberg
Saglio Diet. Ant. iii. 707 fig. 4230, Reinach R^p. Reliefs ii. 242 nos. i— 3). The vessel
is shaped like a saucepan (o"ii"^ in diameter with handle o'p'" in length) and inscribed
on the bottom in lettering of the second half of s. iii A.D. [f]ate C^ pavlina d-v-s-
= Fal{a)e Paulina d(edit) Tj{otum) s(olvens) ? cp. Corp. inscr. Lat. ii no. 3727. The handle
has the usual swan-head supports. On it appears Zeus with thunderbolt and sceptre
beside a flaming altar : above are two garlands ; below, an eagle between a pair of
torches. The relief-frieze, first cast in a mould and then tooled, shows four scenes :
{a) Zeus as a swan with Leda ; {b) Zeus as a man with Semele, while Eros carries off his
thunderbolt, an ornamented box or case (?) being hung in the background ; (c) Zeus as
Artemis with Kallisto and Eros between two oak-trees, one of which has beside it a
pillar supporting a lighted torch ; [d) Zeus as an eagle, dropping his thunderbolt to woo
Ganymedes, while Eros with his bow escapes towards a third oak-tree.
^ Clem. Rom. hom. 5. 13
(ii. 184 Migne) 'A/xoKdeiq. 5i rrj ^wkov ofj-otuidels S.pKTip
avvewd^erai, Rufin. recognit. 10. 22 Mantheam Phoci mutatus in ursum, ex qua nascitur
Arctos. Whether 'AfiaXdeig. is a blunder, or Alant/ieam, or both, we cannot say, since
the source of the legend is unknown.