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Livro CI 2008

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Cronobiologia<br />

interpretar a hora do dia através das concentrações de melatonina presente, dando-lhes<br />

uma vantagem adaptacional (Cassone & Natesan, 1997).<br />

Por fim, após tudo o que foi dito, podemos concluir que a melatonina não é apenas um<br />

hormônio. A relação da melatonina com os organismos vai muito além dessa classificação:<br />

ela não é só produzida por uma glândula, está presente em organismos unicelulares, atua<br />

diretamente em alvos intracelulares (sem mediação de receptores) e pode ser considerada<br />

uma vitamina antioxidante, pois também é adquirida através da dieta alimentar.<br />

Referências bibliográficas<br />

Antolín I, Obst B, Burkhardt S, Hardeland R (1997). Antioxidative protection in a high-melatonin<br />

organism: the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra is rescued from lethal oxidative stress by<br />

strongly elevated, but physiologically possible concentrations of melatonin. J Pineal Res. 23(4):<br />

182-190.<br />

Aste N, Cozzi B, Stankov, Panzica G (2001). Sexual diferences and effects of photoperiod on<br />

melatonin receptors in avian Brain. Microscopy Res. Technique 55: 37-47.<br />

Balzer I, Hardeland R (1991). Photoperiodism and effects of indoleamines in a unicellular alga,<br />

Gonyaulax polyedra. Science 253(5021): 795-797.<br />

Balzer I, Hardeland R (1996). Melatonin in algae and higher plants – possible new roles as<br />

phytohormone and antioxidante. Bot. Acta. 109: 180-183.<br />

Benítez-King G, Antón-Tay F (1993). Calmodulin mediates melatonin cytoeskeletal effects. Experientia<br />

49: 635-641.<br />

Bentley GE (2001). Unraveling the enigma: the role of melatonin in seasonal processes in birds.<br />

Microsc. Res. Tech. 53: 63-71.<br />

Bonilla E, Medina-Leendertz, Díaz S (2002). Extension of life span and stress resistence of Drosophila<br />

melanogaster by lon-term supplementation with melatonin. Exper. Gerontology 37: 69-638.<br />

Cassone VM, Natesan AK (1997). Time and time again: The phylogeny of melatonin as a ransducer of<br />

biological time. J. Biological Rhythms 12: 489-497.<br />

Delgado MJ, Vivien-Roels (1989). Effect of envoronmental temperature and photoperiod on the<br />

melatonin levels in the pineal, lateral eye, and plasma of the frog, Rana perizi: importance of<br />

ocular melatonin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 75: 46-53.<br />

Ekström P, Meissl H (1999). The pineal organ of teleost fishes. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7:199– 284.<br />

Falcón J. Cellular circadian clocks in the pineal. Porgr. Neurobiol. 58: 121-162<br />

Finocchiaro L, Callebert J, Launay JM (1988). Melatonin diosynthesis in Drosophila: its nature and<br />

effects. J. Neurochem 50: 382 – 387.<br />

Firth BT, Belan I, Kennaway DJ (2006). Persistence of plasma melatonin rhythm in constant darkness<br />

and its inhibition by constant light in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. J. Pineal Res. 41: 15-20.<br />

Hardeland R, Fuhrberg B, Uría H, Behrmann G, Meyer TJ, Burkhardt S, Poeggeler B (1996).<br />

Chronobiology of indoleamines in the dinoflagellate G. polyedra: metabolism and effects related<br />

to circadian rhythmicity and photoperiodism. Braz J Med Biol Res. 29(1):119-123.<br />

Hardeland R, Poeggeler B. (2003). Non-vertebrate melatonin. J Pineal Res. 34(4): 233-241.<br />

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