wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks 6-15 40. S. Shakkottai, T.S. Rappaport, and P.C. Karlsson, Cross layer design for wireless networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 41, 74–80, October 2003. 41. C-C. Shen, C. Srisathapornphat, and C. Jaikaeo, Sensor information networking architecture and applications, IEEE Personal Communications, 52–59, August 2001. 42. X. Shen, Z. Wang, and Y. Sun, Wireless sensor networks for industrial applications, in Proceedings of Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Hangzhou, China, June 15–19, 2004. 43. S. Soucek and T. Sauter, Quality of service concerns in IP-based control systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 51(6), 1249–1258, December 2004. 44. W. Stallings, Network and Internetwork Security: Principles and Practice, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995. 45. TinyOS, [Online] Available: http://www.tinyos.net 46. U.S. Department of Energy, Sensors and automation eaton wireless sensor network for advanced energy management solutions, June 2004. 47. U.S. Department of Energy, Industrial wireless technology for the 21st century, Office of Energy and Renewable Energy Report, 2002. 48. U.S. Department of Energy, Sensors and automation annual report, Office of Energy and Renewable Energy Report, 2004. 49. U.S. Department of Energy, Assessment study on sensors and automation in the industries of the future, Office of Energy and Renewable Energy Report, 2004. 50. M.C. Vuran and I.F. Akyildiz, Cross-layer analysis of error control in wireless sensor networks, in Proceedings of IEEE SECON, Reston, VA, September 2006. 51. A. Willig et al., Measurements of a wireless link in an industrial environment using an IEEE 802.11-compliant physical layer, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49(6), 1265–1282, December 2002. 52. A. Willig, K. Matheus, and A. Wolisz, Wireless technology in industrial networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 93, 1130–1151, 2005. 53. W. Zeng, H. Wang, H. Yu, and A. Xu, The research and application of UWB based industrial network, in Proceedings of Industrial Conference on Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals, Sevastopol, Ukraine, pp. 153–155, 2006. 54. ZigBee Alliance Home Page, [Online] Available: www.zigbee.org © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
7 Ad Hoc Networks Sajjad Ahmad Madani COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Shahid Khattak COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Tariq Jadoon Lahore University of Management Sciences Shahzad Sarwar University of the Punjab 7.1 Introduction........................................................................................7-1 Principles and Benefits. •. Applications. •. Ad Hoc Network Characteristic. •. Enabling Technologies 7.2 Protocol Stack.................................................................................... 7-4 Transport Layer. •. Network Layer. •. MAC Layer. •. Physical Layer 7.3 Performance Evaluation................................................................... 7-8 7.4 Challenges and Issues....................................................................... 7-9 Quality-of-Service. •. Energy Management. •. Topology and Connectivity. •. Security References.....................................................................................................7-11 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Principles and Benefits Ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically organize themselves to form arbitrary and temporary networks. These mobile nodes can get connected without any preexisting infrastructure or centralized administration where connection is facilitated through peer-to-peer (P2P) communication which may involve multihop structures. The mobile nodes are free to move and organize themselves in arbitrary fashion while communicating with each other. There can be multiple paths employing heterogeneous radio between any pair of nodes. Ad hoc networks range from small singlehop personal area networks (PANs) to large-scale multihop networks involving thousands of nodes. Based on the coverage area, the ad hoc networks are classified into four main categories: body, personal, local, and wide-area networks. These either connect to Internet through fixed infrastructure or may operate as an isolated P2P network in a stand-alone fashion as shown in Figure 7.1a and b, respectively. Although the idea of ad hoc network was first conceived in early 1970s, it did not generate wider interest earlier as the original application scenarios were not directed to mass users. Recently, new concepts of opportunistic ad hoc networks have emerged which have commercial applications as well. Here, ad hoc network is used opportunistically to extend home or campus networks to previously inaccessible areas. The development of sensor networks, which can be treated as specialized ad hoc networks, has also contributed to an increased interest in this area. Unlike the classical cellular network that requires prelocated cell sites and base stations, an ad hoc network does not require any detailed infrastructure planning as it relies on highly dynamic network topologies to deal with hostile environment and irregular connectivity. Since an ad hoc network automatically establishes the communication channels (links) and adopts to change, the setup time is short and cost is low. It can, therefore, be used to complement overloaded fixed wireless infrastructures (hot spots) and can 7-1 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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