wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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Building and Home Automation 26-13 Finally, through the integration of smart metering devices in the system, additional services such as remote meter read-out, detection and handling of events and alarms in situations involving tampering, vandalism, outages or leaks, and extensive diagnostics, monitoring, and logging functionality are added to the application portfolio of home automation. 26.4 Outlook and Further Challenges The emergence of BAS is a nonreversible trend in modern buildings. While in the past the main focus was put on the primary goal of automation in certain domains such as HVAC or lighting applications, today’s potential lies in the tighter integration of different building domains. This requires the merge of functions as well as technologies and results in more complex systems than before. While it is a primary design goal to aggregate functions into more valuable building functions, the resulting technological implications on how to use gateways, bridges, and open interfaces to previously proprietary systems are manifold. More complex functions also require a steadily increasing number of data points to be configured and maintained. While in the past a number of 1,000–10,000 data points in a building was common, the number tops 100,000 today and keeps growing. One of the main issues in today’s workflow concerns configuration and commissioning. Different technologies, vendors, and even devices of the same vendor require different paradigms, different workflows, and different tools. Connecting 10,000 data points of a LonWorks system into a BACnet BAS can be a daunting task. Also, the growing number of data points per building poses new challenges even within a single technology domain. While more data points mean better control of the process, it also requires a higher planning and configuration effort. Automatisms in the process are needed along with templating common tasks in automated tools that assist the installer. Another area of development in BAS is flexibility of already installed systems. Changing small parts of a system can incur high costs today. Devices need to be recommissioned, bindings changed, and even cabling restructured. For facility managers, the goal is to reconfigure the office spaces according to tenant’s needs while keeping inflicted cost as low as possible. This increases the turnover in renting out space and reduces cost of unrented space. This process should be easy enough so that the facility manager himself or herself can simply move walls and change a limited set of configuration parameters in the BAS software instead of calling in cost-intensive installation personnel to reconfigure the communications systems. This is an area of development, which needs new and innovative solutions such as rule-based commissioning and more advanced self-binding mechanisms to name a few. The ultimate solution is to provide a unified view of the buildings operational state, CAD drawings of its structure, architectural information, configuration parameters, and data mining options from the BAS data into a building information model. One fact that is still underestimated today is network security in BAS. Early systems used direct I/O and proprietary communications. The introduction of open systems and the move to IP-based backbones opens the BAS network to new levels of security issues not known before. Only now, first solutions are emerging, which are not yet widely accepted. Moving from the building to the home stresses the above arguments even more. Consumer equipment for home automation needs to be more easily installed and provide valuable solutions to the owner to justify the investment. This is also the main reason why home automation has not taken off recently. Niche markets for the technophile home user or holiday vacation owners pose the exception. Improving comfort and giving peace of mind are main driving factors in that area. Today’s solutions with dial-in heating presets, air-conditioning scheduler, or alarm services are just arriving. Companies can gain benefits from giving away price-reduced home automation equipment by generating revenue from advanced Web services such as assisted energy savings or monitored alarm and intrusion detection. While the market in BAS is mostly established, the home automation area still has to be considered being in its infancy. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
26-14 Industrial Communication Systems References 1. ANSI/EIA/CEA-709.1-A, Control network protocol specification, ANSI, Washington DC, 1999. 2. ANSI/EIA/CEA 852, Tunnelling component network protocols over Internet protocol channels, ANSI, Washington DC, 2002. 3. EN 13321-2, Open data communication in building automation, controls and building management - Home and building electronic systems—Part 2: KNXnet/IP communication, CEN, Brussels, Belgium, 2006. 4. EN 1434-3, Heat meters—Data exchange and interfaces, CEN, Brussels, Belgium, 1997. 5. EN 14908, Open data communication in building automation, controls and building management. Control network protocol, CEN, Brussels, Belgium, 2005. 6. EN 50090, Home and building electronic systems (HBES), CENELEC, Brussels, Belgium, 1994–2009. 7. IEC 60929, AC-supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. 8. ISO 16484-2, Building automation and control systems (BACS)—Part 2: Hardware, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. 9. ISO 16484-5, Building automation and control systems—Part 5: Data communication protocol, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. 10. ISO/IEC 14543, Information technology—Home electronic system (HES) architecture, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006-2010. 11. ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 135, www.bacnet.org 12. Profile for Web Services, schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2006/02/devprof 13. Digitalstrom.org, www.digitalstrom.org 14. Digital Living Network Alliance, www.dlna.org/home 15. Echonet Consortium, www.echonet.gr.jp 16. EnOcean GmbH, www.enocean.com 17. HomePlug Alliance, www.homeplug.org 18. IGRS, www.igrs.org 19. OPC Foundation, www.opcfoundation.org 20. Konnex Association, www.knx.org 21. LonMark International, www.lonmark.org 22. OSGi Alliance, www.osgi.org 23. The SMI Group, www.smi-group.com 24. UPnP Forum, www.upnp.org 25. ZigBee Alliance, www.zigbee.org 26. Z-Wave Alliance, www.z-wavealliance.org 27. W. Granzer, W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, and F. Praus, Security in networked building automation systems, Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, pp. 283–292, Torino, Italy, June, 2006. 28. W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman, Communication systems for building automation and control, Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6): 1178–1203, 2005. 29. W. Kastner and G. Neugschwandtner, Data Communication for Distributed Building Automation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009. 30. H. M. Newman, Direct Digital Control of Building Systems: Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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7-10 Industrial Communication Syste
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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23 Secure Communication Using Chaos
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Page 366 and 367: 25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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Technologies III-3 53 WirelessHART,
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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Profibus 32-13 [IEC84-3] IEC 61784-
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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