wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

12
A Survey of Wireless
Sensor Networks for
Industrial Applications
Stig Petersen
SINTEF Information and
Communication Technology
Simon Carlsen
Statoil ASA
12.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Wireless Sensor Network Basics................................................... 12-2
Wireless Sensor Node. •. Wireless Sensor Network Stack
12.3 Motivation and Drivers for Wireless Instrumentation............. 12-3
12.4 Industrial Applications and Requirements.................................12-4
Standardized Solutions. •. Reliable Network Performance. •. Battery
Lifetime. •. Friendly Coexistence with Wireless Local Area
Networks. •. Security. •. Operation in Harsh and Hazardous
Environments
12.5 Technology Survey and Evaluation..............................................12-6
IEEE Std 802.15.4. •. ZigBee. •. WirelessHART. •. ISA-100. •. .
Coexistence in the 2.4.GHz Band
12.6 Conclusion........................................................................................12-9
Abbreviations...............................................................................................12-9
References....................................................................................................12-9
12.1 Introduction
Sensors are used in industrial plants and facilities to monitor the performance and the operational
environment in order to provide better insight into operational requirements and potential safety
problems. The monitored parameters can be temperature, vibration, pressure, flow, humidity, valve
positions, gas leaks, fire outbreaks, equipment condition, and others. The data collected by the sensors
are used to make informed, just-in-time decisions on plant operational performance and conditions. In
addition, by using intelligent techniques to analyze historical sensor data in conjunction with historical
operational performance, certain characteristics and patterns in typical operational conditions can be
identified, providing the possibility to optimize plant safety, production, turnarounds and shutdowns,
maintenance operations, and error and fault tolerance.
Recent advances and standardization work within the field of wireless technology have enabled
the development of low-power and low-cost solutions capable of robust and reliable wireless communication
[ASS02]. The IEEE Std 802.15.4 [802.15.4] defines the physical layer (PHY) and the
medium access control (MAC) sublayer for low-rate wireless personal area networks. Features such
as low complexity, cost, and power, make it a suitable candidate for wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
[YXZ06]. With a growing number of solutions based on the IEEE Std 802.15.4 PHY and MAC, it
has become the de facto standard for many WSN solutions, both standardized and proprietary. The
multi-hop mesh network topologies and self-configuring and self-healing capabilities offered by
12-1
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC