wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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Profibus 32-7 in Figure 32.3. He signals this to the other stations by sending the token to himself. The active master starts to poll all addresses to detect additional stations on the bus t = 6 t + n2t (32.1) TIMEOUT SLOT SLOT where t SLOT = maximum time to answer to a poll request. If an additional master detects traffic on the bus he has to listen to all token frames and collect the list of all addressed masters. As soon as he has a complete and stable list, he claims the token for himself. When the active master polls, him he replies that he is ready to get the token and that it will be included in the token ring. The token is passed from one master to the other in an increasing order of the station address number. For every bus is defined a target token rotation time (TTRT). When the active station sends the token, it starts a timer reducing the TTRT. When the token gets back, the rest of the time is the maximum token hold time for this node. During this time, the active station can communicate with all slave stations in a master–slave communication relationship and to all master stations in a master–master communication relationship. In a Profibus, DP system the configuration tool ensures that the TTRT is large enough that the master can poll assigned slaves in one token hold time. More detailed descriptions and formulas may be found at [CMTV02,V04, and KHU08]. 32.4 DP System DP supports the implementation of both mono-master and multi-master systems. This affords a high degree of flexibility during system configuration. The specifications for system configuration define the following: • Number of stations • Assignment of station addresses to the I/O addresses • Data integrity of I/O data • The format of diagnostic messages • The bus parameters used [P02] explains all these parameters in detail and [WG03] gives an example of a commercial implementation. Each DP system is made up of different device types, whereby a distinction is made between three types of devices: • DP master class 1 (DPM1)—controllers • DP master class 2 (DPM2)—engineering stations • DP slaves (DPS)—field devices 32.4.1 DP-Master Class 1: Controllers This is a central controller that cyclically exchanges information with the distributed stations (slaves) at a specified message cycle. Typical DPM1 devices are programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or PCs. A DPM1 has active bus access with which it can read measurement data (inputs) of the field devices and write the setpoint values (outputs) of the actuators at fixed times. This continuously repeating cycle is the basis of the automation function. In the case of mono-master systems, only one master is active on the bus during the operation of the bus system. This single-master is the central control component. The slaves are decentrally coupled to the master over the transmission media. This system configuration enables the shortest bus cycle times. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
32-8 Industrial Communication Systems In multi-master operation, several masters are connected to one bus. They represent either independent subsystems, comprising one DPM1 and its assigned slaves, or additional configuration and diagnostic devices. The input and output images of the slaves can be read by all DP masters, while only one DP master (the DPM1 assigned during configuration) can write-access the outputs. 32.4.2 DP-Master Class 2: Engineering Stations Devices of this type are engineering, configuration, or operating devices. They are implemented during commissioning and for maintenance and diagnostics in order to configure connected devices, evaluate measured values and parameters, and request the device status. A DPM2 does not have to be permanently connected to the bus system. The DPM2 also has active bus access. 32.4.3 DP-Slaves: Field-Devices A slave is a peripheral (I/O devices, drives, HMIs, valves, transducers, analysis devices), which reads in process information and/or uses output information to intervene in the process. There are also devices that solely process input information or output information. As far as communication is concerned, slaves are passive devices, they only respond to direct queries. This behavior is simple and cost-effective to implement (in the case of DP-V0 it is already completely included in the hardware). 32.4.4 application Relations The different types of devices may enter different communication relations to each other (Figure 32.4): MM: Exchange of parameters, configuration data, and diagnostics between a DPM1 and a DPM2 MS0: Cyclic data exchange of a DPM1 controller with a field-device (DP slave) MS1: Acyclic data exchange between a DPM1 controller and a field-device (DP slave) MS2: Acyclic data exchange between a DPM2 engineering station and a field-device (DP slave) Process image MS0 PROFIBUS FDL e.g., Proxy-FB (IEC 61131 -3) Comm-FB (IEC 61131-3) MS1 Device type manager (DTM), (EDD-interpreter) Userprogram Field-devicetool (FDT) MS2 PROFIBUS FDL Application programmer’s interface (API) Communications platform Master class 1 (DPM1) Master class 2 (DPM2) Slave PROFIBUS FDL MS0 MS1 MS2 Communications platform Field device FIGURE 32.4 Device types and relations. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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Industrial Wireless Communications
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Page 462 and 463: 32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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